Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Ruby Ridge Catastrophe essays

The Ruby Ridge Catastrophe papers Government specialists in body reinforcement and dark ninja regalia, defensively covered vehicles slamming up slopes, even the legendary helicopters of state army bad dreams Ruby Ridge had all the components of a jumpy dream, with the distinction that it was stepped in genuine fragile living creature and blood. In the 11-day deadlock, Weavers spouse was shot dead as she held their 10-month-old girl in her arms. A day sooner his 14-year-old child and a U.S. Marshal had been murdered (Lacayo, 1995). Be that as it may, who was Randy Weaver? What sort of unpleasant criminal would he say he was to merit furnished government operators hurrying on his home and family? What's more, why isnt there a glad completion of this story? Randy Weaver was a 44-year old ex-Green Beret. He lived in a lodge in the forested areas of Ruby Ridge with his significant other, Vikki, child, Sammy, and little girls, Sara, Rachael, and Elisheba. Randy likewise had his young companion, Kevin Harris, remaining with him and his family. Randy and his family were resource trackers and ranchers. They had a generator to create power, however they had no TVs or radios. The Weaver family preferred to keep things basic and mind their own business. In October of 1989, Randy Weaver auctions two sawed-off shotguns that were under the legitimate length to a companion. This companion ended up being a covert BATF specialist (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms). A while after Randy had sold these illicit shotguns, two BATF specialists with an offer moved toward him. The offer was to be a witness for the BATF office or be charged and go to prison. Randy denied the offer and around seven months after the fact he was prosecuted on illicit weapons deal. He was then charged and advised to return in court in February of 1991. Randy didn't come back to court; he came back to his mountain. A warrant was then given for the capture of Randy Weaver for inability to show up in court and for the offer of illicit guns. These were the awful wrongdoings of the awful crimi... <!

Friday, August 21, 2020

Gated Communities and Segregation in The Tortilla Curtain by T.C.Boyle Essay

Gated Communities and Segregation in The Tortilla Curtain by T.C.Boyle - Essay Example In spite of the fact that isolation dependent on race, ethnicity, religion, and so on., is presently illicit, there are still a few practices among the residents like the presence of gated networks that cause isolation and bigotry. Albeit, one area of individuals sees gated networks as a possible and reasonable method of living, different areas see it as ‘islands’ which advance isolation. This issue of gated networks frames an unobtrusive however a key piece of the novel, The Tortilla Curtain composed by T.C. Boyle and distributed by Viking Press in 1995. Boyle is a ‘Distinguished Professor’ of English at the University of Southern California and lives in the Santa Barbara. He has composed more than 12 books just as in excess of 100 short stories winning, with a significant number of his works mirroring the issues and way of life of individuals living in California including The Tortilla Curtain. â€Å"The Southern California author T. C. Boyle catches the detachment that marks day by day life in Los Angeles.† (Fuller, Bridges and Pai 145). Boyle sets his novel in the Topanga Canyon where the lives of two couples, who live a totally various ways of life, cross each other with terrible and at a similar provocative outcomes. The primary hero couple, Delaney, a touchy author about nature and Kyra Mossbacher, an over the top realtor, move in to a recently gated network settled among the common environmental factors called Arroyo Blanco. The other couple is the Mexican illicit workers, Candido and his pregnant spouse America Rincon, who enter the American fringes wrongfully needing to accomplish the American Dream of a prosperous life, however live in a terrible condition in a stopgap camp somewhere down in the Topanga Canyon. At the point when a monstrosity auto crash including Delaney and Candido occurs, it prompts further communications between the couples with their restricting universes meeting in a risky and grievous way. The c ollaborations between the couples for the most part emerge due the setting of the gated network. Boyle paints the image of a carefully accommodating gated network, where all the houses were white with orange rooftops. â€Å"†¦lay the massed orange tile housetops of Arroyo Blanco† (Boyle 74). The private network gives a feeling of selectiveness. The idea of a gated network, with a mortgage holders affiliation, is to furnish a protected neighborhood with all the offices. Be that as it may, when seen from another viewpoint, by encouraging groups of comparative races and class to live nearer together, while ‘ignoring’ different areas of the individuals, it is prompting isolation. Section 2: Gated people group is the term given to the private neighborhoods which have an encompassing divider and a primary door for passage. This type of private living has become a key piece of the new lodging market, especially in the urban zones. It is seen as another type of urba nism, under which open spaces in different geological regions are being privatized. They have consequently become a â€Å"symbol of metropolitan discontinuity and social segregation†, with isolation happening for the most part along monetary and racial lines (Le Goix 76a). Le Goix (9) further expresses that â€Å"gated networks are situated inside each sort of working class and high society neighborhoods, with half of them are situated inside the rich, upper-scale and for the most part white neighborhoods, and 33% are situated inside

Biography of John Riley - Saint Patricks Battalion

Life story of John Riley - Saint Patricks Battalion John Riley (Circa 1805-1850) was an Irish warrior who abandoned the American armed force not long before the flare-up of the Mexican-American War. He joined the Mexican armed force and established the St. Patricks Battalion, a power made up of individual weaklings, basically Irish and German Catholics. Riley and the others abandoned in light of the fact that treatment of outsiders in the US armed force was exceptionally cruel and on the grounds that they felt that their loyalty was more with Catholic Mexico than Protestant USA. Riley battled with unique excellence for the Mexican armed force and endure the war just incredible indefinite quality. Early Life and Military Career Riley was conceived in County Galway, Ireland at some point somewhere in the range of 1805 and 1818. Ireland was a poor nation at that point and was hit hard even before the incredible starvations started around 1845. In the same way as other Irish, Riley advanced toward Canada, where he likely served in a British armed force regiment. Moving to Michigan, he enrolled in the US armed force before the Mexican-American War. At the point when sent to Texas, Riley abandoned to Mexico on April 12, 1846, preceding the war formally broke out. Like different traitors, he was invited and welcome to serve in the Legion of Foreigners which saw activity in the siege of Fort Texas and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. The Saint Patricks Battalion By April of 1846, Riley had been elevated to Lieutenant and had sorted out a unit involved 48 Irishmen who joined the Mexican armed force. An ever increasing number of cowards came over from the American side and by August of 1846, he had more than 200 men in his unit. The unit was named el Batallã ³n de San Patricio, or the St. Patricks Battalion, to pay tribute to Irelands benefactor holy person. They walked under a green flag with a picture of St. Patrick on one side and a harp and insignia of Mexico on the other. The same number of them were talented artillerymen, they were alloted as a world class big guns regiment. For what reason Did the San Patricios Defect? During the Mexican-American War, a great many men abandoned on the two sides: conditions were brutal and a greater number of men kicked the bucket of ailment and introduction than in battle. Life in the US armed force was especially hard on Irish Catholics: they were viewed as apathetic, uninformed and absurd. They were given messy and risky employments and advancements were basically non-existent. The individuals who joined the adversary side in all likelihood did so due to the guarantees of land and cash and out of unwaveringness to Catholicism: Mexico, similar to Ireland, is a Catholic country. The St. Patrick’s Battalion was contained outsiders, for the most part Irish Catholics. There were some German Catholics also, and a few outsiders who lived in Mexico before the war. The Saint Patricks in real life in Northern Mexico The St. Patricks Battalion saw constrained activity at the attack of Monterrey, as they were positioned in an enormous post that American General Zachary Taylor chose to maintain a strategic distance from altogether. At the Battle of Buena Vista, be that as it may, they assumed a significant job. They were positioned close by the primary street on a level where the fundamental Mexican ambush occurred. They won an ordnance duel with an American unit and even grabbed some American guns. At the point when Mexican thrashing was approaching, they helped spread the retreat. A few San Patricios won a Cross of Honor decoration for valor during the fight, including Riley, who was additionally elevated to skipper. The San Patricios in Mexico City After the Americans opened another front, the San Patricios went with Mexican General Santa Anna toward the east of Mexico City. They saw activity at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, in spite of the fact that their job in that fight has been to a great extent lost to history. It was at the Battle of Chapultepec that ​they became well known. As the Americans assaulted Mexico City, the Battalion was positioned toward one side of a key scaffold and in a close by cloister. They held the scaffold and religious circle for quite a long time against prevalent soldiers and weapons. At the point when Mexicans in the religious community attempted to give up, the San Patricios tore down the white banner multiple times. They were in the end overpowered once they came up short on ammo. The vast majority of the San Patricios were murdered or caught at the Battle of Churubusco, taking its viable life as a unit, in spite of the fact that it would re-structure after the war with the survivors and kee p going for about one more year. Catch and Punishment Riley was among the 85 San Patricios caught during the fight. They were court-martialed and the greater part of them were seen as blameworthy of abandonment. Between September 10 and 13, 1847, fifty of them would be hanged in discipline for their deserting to the opposite side. Riley, in spite of the fact that he was the most prominent among them, was not hanged: he had surrendered before the war had formally been announced, and such absconding in peacetime was by definition a far less genuine offense. In any case, Riley, by then a significant and most noteworthy positioning remote official of the San Patricios (the Battalion had Mexican leaders), was rebuffed cruelly. His head was shaved, he was given fifty lashes (witnesses state the tally was messed up and that Riley really got 59), and he was marked with a D (for weakling) on his cheek. At the point when the brand was from the start put on topsy turvy, he was re-marked on the other cheek. From that point forward, he was tossed in a prison for the span of the war, which kept going a few additional months. Regardless of this brutal discipline, there were those in the American armed force who felt he ought to have been hanged with the others. After the war, Riley and the others were discharged and re-shaped the St. Patricks Battalion. The unit before long got entangled in the steady infighting among Mexican authorities and Riley was quickly imprisoned for doubt of investment in an uprising, yet he was liberated. Records demonstrating that a Juan Riley passed on August 31, 1850, were once accepted to allude to him, yet new proof shows this isn't the situation. Endeavors are progressing to decide Rileys genuine destiny: Dr. Michael Hogan (who has composed the complete messages about the San Patricios) composes The quest for the internment spot of the genuine John Riley, Mexican major, an enlivened legend, and pioneer of the Irish contingent, must proceed. The Legacyâ To Americans, Riley is a weakling and a double crosser: the scum of society. To Mexicans, be that as it may, Riley is an incredible saint: a gifted trooper who followed his inner voice and joined the foe since he thought it was the best activity. The St. Patricks Battalion has a position of significant privilege in Mexican history: there are lanes named for it, remembrance plaques where they battled, postage stamps, and so forth. Riley is the name most generally connected with the Battalion, and he has, in this way, increased additional chivalrous status for Mexicans, who have raised a sculpture of him in his origin of Clifden, Ireland. The Irish have given back in kind, and there is a failure of Riley now in the San Angel Plaza, graciousness of Ireland. Americans of Irish plunge, who once abandoned Riley and the Battalion, have warmed to them as of late: maybe to some degree because of a few decent books that have come out as of late. Additionally, there was a significant Hollywood creation in 1999 entitled One Mans Hero based (freely) on the life of Riley and the Battalion. Sources Hogan, Michael. The Irish Soldiers of Mexico. Soft cover, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, May 25, 2011. Wheelan, Joseph. Attacking Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007.

Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Java vs Python Which is Better For Future Perspective

Java vs Python Which is Better For Future Perspective Java vs Python is becoming the crucial rivals of each other. A decade ago, Java was competing with C++ on a large scale. But after Python was getting popular, then Java found its new rival. Nowadays, there are most of the professions and industries, where Java and Python are competing with each other. Most of the computer science students are still struggling with the comparison between Java vs Python. Here in this blog, we are going to share with you the best among the best comparison between Java vs Python. We will also find out that Java or Python, which one is better for the future. Without wasting your time, lets have a look at the overview of Java and Python 2019 as well as 2020. Java Summary JavaPythonJava vs Python syntaxExampleJava vs Python Performance  Java vs Python Easier to learn.Java vs Python Web DevelopmentMachine Learningjava vs Python for data scienceJava vs Python ArchitectureJava architecturePython architecture Java vs Python JobsJobs in JavaJobs in PythonJava vs Python SalaryConclusion Java is one of the robust and widely used programming languages in the world. It is also known as dynamically typed general-purpose language. Java runs of almost 3 billion devices worldwide. It is the most popular object-oriented programming language. It was developed in the year 1995 by Sun Microsystem. Later Sun Microsystems acquired by Netscape. Now Java is the product of Netscape. Java is compatible with every operating system i.e., Mac OS, Windows, and Linux. It uses the JVM to run the program on any platform. Java has three categories i.e., EE, ME, and SE. It is based on the simple phenomena of write once and run everywhere. Java offers lots of features to the users, likewise secure, simple, interpreted, multithreaded, dynamic, robust, and many more. Python Python is one of the most powerful object-oriented programming languages in the world. It is all in one programming language because it offers a variety of functionality to its users. It was developed in the year 1985 by Guido Van Rossum at a research institute in the Netherlands. But the first-ever release of Python was in the year 1990. In the early days of Python, it wasnt a popular language, likewise Java and other programming languages. But when big data come into existence, Python got a boom and has become one of the high demanding programming languages in the world. Most of the programmers love Python because it is highly readable and easy to understand. Python uses simple English keywords to write the program, whereas other programming languages use punctuation to write the program. Likewise, Java Python is also offering some of the brilliant features to its users. The features are easy to learn and read, highly interactive, portable, scalable, and many more. Java vs Python syntax Java, programs are based on strict syntax. Which means that if you want to write a program in Java. In other words, you have to declare whether the variable is, int, float, double, etc. Then you need to follow some strict syntax rules on Java. It is a statically typed programming language. It means that you need to declare the types of your variables before using it in the program. If you dont do that, the program will not run anyhow. For most of the developer, statically typed language is the best option, because, in these types of languages, the program can get an idea about the types of variables they are using within the program. Lets have a look at an example:- public class Students { String name; String age; public Students(String name, String age){ this.age=age; this.name=name; public void myfunction() { System.out.println(Hello Im a : +name); } public void myage() { System.out.println(Hello my age is: + age); } On the other hand, Python is a dynamically typed programming language. It means that whenever you write a program in Python. There is no need to declare the type of variables that you are going to use within your program. In Python, the interpreter will check the types of variables at runtime. Therefore Python is offering the most straightforward syntax that is close to plain English like pseudocode. Apart from that, there is no need to use close braces and follow other syntax rules in Python. Thats is why the beginners find it the most user-friendly programming language. Lets have a look at a similar example that we have written using the Java syntax. This time we will use Python programming to write the same program. Example Class Students: def_init_(mysillyobject, name, age); mysillyobject.name=name mysillyobject.age=age def myfunction(abc) : print(hello Im a + abc.name) def myage(abc) : print(hello my Color is + abc.age) p1 = Students (Gurmeet, 24) p1.myfunction() Java vs Python Performance Java is quite faster than Python if we compare them based on their performance. It is using the JVM that helps Java to run faster on any platform. It means that whenever the speed is the crucial factor in your project, then you should opt for Java rather than Python. The reason behind the speed of Java is if we declared the data type within the program. Then the interpreter does not need to analyze the data type on run time. On the other hand, Python is considered as one of the slow programming languages in the world. It is slower than C and C++. Python is an interpreter itself. Therefore it analyzes the data type on run time. Thats why an extra process makes it a slow programming language. This point is also to showcase the Java vs python speed comparison. If you want to make a faster system, then dont choose the Python.  Java vs Python Easier to learn. Java is quite complex to learn as compared with Python. The reason is Java follows the strict syntax and pattern to write the program. If you miss the single curly braces of the semicolon, then you program will not run anymore. But if you start learning the Object-oriented programming languages from scratch, then Java is a good option for you. Java has community support where you can get in touch with other developers. Those developers will help you to solve your queries. On the other hand, Python is easy to learn for beginners. Its syntax is quite similar to plain English. Python is an open-source programming language. Therefore you can find the massive community support with Python. If you are a beginner, then you can learn Python with little or no effort. In their official site, you can find the proper documentation, beginners guide, FAQs, Python books, and a lot more. All these will help you to get an excellent command over Python programming. Java vs Python Web Development If we talk about the web development uses of Java and Python. Then both of these programming languages are widely used in the backend web development process. In the backend web development, the system is designed to run on the server instead of the client browser. There are lots of frameworks in the world that are making the developer task more straightforward than ever before to develop complex server-side applications. Java is offering excellent support to create server applications. It has a backend framework that is providing a massive ecosystem to develop backend applications. The website developed in Java is quite safer but slower. On the other hand, Python is offering the Django and Flask framework. Both of these frameworks are widely used to develop backend applications. Flask is the micro web framework. On the other hand, Django is a full-featured framework that allows you to create powerful backend applications. It also provides efficiency and security to users. Django offers the ORM layer, which is quite helpful in dealing with the database to perform various data-related operations. In this comparison between Java and Python, Python is getting a slight edge over Java. Machine Learning Machine learning is getting popular these days. Nowadays, the programmer prefers those languages that are compatible with machine learning. Java is one of the preferred programming languages for machine learning. The reason is that it is quite easy to do debugging in Java. The programmers are using it on a large scale and enterprise-level applications. It is also widely used in deep learning so that here we can find the difference between Java vs Python deep learning. Python is the most popular and widely-used programming language for machine learning. Nowadays, programming for different disciplines is using Python for doing experiments in machine learning. It also helps them to utilize the power of AI in their respective fields. Nowadays, more than 70% of development in AI and ML is done with Python. Because Python offering the vast ecosystems and libraries for ML and AI. Apart from that, it is one of the best languages for deep learning. java vs Python for data science We cant use Java directly in data science. But nowadays, it is used to create customized Hadoop for data science projects. These days data science companies need full command over the data science project. Thats why they prefer to rely on their Hadoop instead of pre-created Hadoop. Hadoop is the data warehouse, data scientist uses it to store a large amount of data collected from different sources. On the other hand, Python is the most popular programming language for data science. It is replacing the use of R in data science. We can perform lots of functions in data science with the help of Python programming. All the programming part in data science can be done with Python only. Java vs Python Architecture Java architecture It uses the JVM i.e., Java Virtual Machine. It offers the run time environment to operate the Java code. JVM converts the Java Code into the bytecode and then the bytecode into machine language. JVM uses the JRE for the whole process. Python architecture Python uses the interpreter that is used to translate the source code into the machine-independent bytecode (.pyc) and stores .pyc file __PyCache__ folder. Whenever you run the program, then the interpreter uses this byte and doesnt translate it again. The exact bytecode shipped to PVM to execute the program. Java vs Python Jobs Java and Python both are offering lots of job opportunities and career options to the programmers. If you get decent command over either of these languages, then you can start your career as a programmer. Here are some of the job option is Java and Python Jobs in Java Game developerJava DeveloperIoT EngineerCloud Computing ExpertsData Analyst Jobs in Python Python developerProduct ManagerData ScientistData AnalystFinancial Advisor Java vs Python Salary The Java developer doesnt get a higher salary as compared with Python. On average, the Java developer earns $100k per annum. On the other hand, Python developer earns $117k per annum. Conclusion Now we have seen the in-depth comparison between Java vs Python. It might be clear in your mind that Java and Python have lots of similarities but also have some key differences. As a career perspective Python is far better than Java because it is compatible with future technologies. From my point of view, Python is the clear winner between Java vs Python. Get the best Java Programming help and Python programming assignment help at nominal charges from the experts.

Tuesday, June 30, 2020

Turnbull compliance in risk management - Free Essay Example

Briefing Document on ensuring Turnbull compliance and implementing an enhanced Risk Management programme Introduction Snibbo Metal Fasterners Ltd was initially created by Jonathan Snibb from a patented fastener call à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Reepokà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in 1926. He turned over control to his son Adrian in 1935 and currently employees over 600 employees which are mostly based in Leeds. The company is currently a Limited organization in which Adrian Snibbo owns 50% and the Ablel family is in control of the other 50%. They currently do not have an operational risk manager and the new Deputy Managing Director is having many problems instituting changes for the organization as he is forced to answer directly to the two major shareholders. Operating within Turnbull compliance along with developing other sound risk management policies should enable Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd to increase competitive advantage and increase shareholder value. The first step to make this a rea lity is an weekend educational workshop on risk management and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future implications to Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd. Workshop Section 1- Theory and Gross Action Part A- Identifying what operational risk management (ORM) is- The most basic idea for operational risk management is to look at every process within the organization and break it down into ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s component actions. Each one of these actions are dependent on another which will lead into a web of dependency within the organization. For Snibbo Metal Fasteners the most obvious dependency is that they are dependent on their supplier Plastic Fittings Ltd. ORM is used during this to assess all the processes within the firm to develop strategies and production methods to lower this risk of dependency. The majority of this is done through analysis and continuing production changes to manage the risk and lower the chance for any future problems. Advantages of effective risk management is almost completely implied in the name, a company who has established risk management policies is less likely to fail and generates more consumer confidence and therefore gains competitive advantage along with increased shareholder value. A key ORM action are the ideals outlined in the Turnbull Report in 1999. Part B- Turnbull Report- Continuing ORM for internal control- The Turnbull Report is a guide for managers to establish ongoing risk management for all internal actions. Policies formulated based on the report are used to create a dynamic risk management environment within the organization that are monitored all the time by the directors. Within this, the directors themselves must operate with these ideals as well by adhering to strict guide lines and goals set at regular monthly if not weekly basis. Past ORM policies were usually created and monitored yearly which is very different from Turnbull ideas which are required to be embedded into every action that the company ta kes. Below is a list of the key Turnbull concepts. 1. Policies to be embedded within the firms actions instead of being operated as a separated entity 2. Be able to change in accordance to new risk within and out of the company 3. Empowerment of Managers to implement changes to lower risk in their own areas Section 2 will cover the individual implications on Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd. along with the major policy changes to enforce this idea Part C- Action By identifying the large advantages of an established risk management policy we have decided to hire an Operational Risk Manager to encourage change immediately. Section two covers the concerns within Snibbo Metal Fasteners and Section three covers the implementation plan to address these concerns. It should be noted that Turnbull compliance is only one factor in effective risk management and all policies are required to be flexible in accordance to the situation. Section 2- Issues Part A- Goals/ Director C ommunication Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd. Truly needs to establish goals along with pre-established powers granted to the managing bodies. Currently the new director Cain has been trying to make positive changes only to be stopped by Abel. As Snibb and Abel are both major shareholders and Directors within the company, it should be them who sit down along with Cain and establish a business strategy for the next period. Within this Cain along with the new operational risk manager should be in charge of the implementation of this and given the necessary authority to make change. This would create a more positive environment for the firm to operate within and allows the organization to operate more like a limited entity which is out to create shareholder value over the current situation of a glorified partnership. Part B- Current Production Analysis As there was not a previous risk manager, a thorough assessment of the firms production methods needs to be analyzed to determine i f any current risk of not delivering to clients exists. These need to be looked at to establish a current risk level within the firm and then to implement any required changes based on the level. Once all immediate changes are instituted employees should be educated and guided through nonstop risk management processes in order to establish ongoing risk management in accordance with the Turnbull report. Part C- Human Resource Protection The strongest factor in the risk management process are the people (Crouhy and Mark, 2003). This is even more true with Turnbull compliance as it is dependent on ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees to constantly monitor risk levels in the firm. Currently Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd pays its employees all under 20,000 a year with no perks at all. This will contribute to the overall risk as they must have a higher then normal turnover rate. The more experienced an employee has within the firms environment, the better they will produce and more appropri ately for this brief, the better they will be able to access current risk and be able to make required adjustments. The end result is by implementing a bonus and/ or benefits scheme into the employment package Snibb and Abel will be able to increase production and lower risk which all contributes to increased shareholder value. Part D- Suppliers With the current notion of changing their sole supplier, they need to assess several possibilities. The current delivery of products to the clients from order is 10 days. With the current supplier being near, this decreases the overall risk of the value chain as any production problems will not be delayed further from supplier delivery. By taking on a supplier half way across the world, the risk increases even if the costs decrease as any problems will be amplified by the large increase in delivery time. A look at the Chinese firms production methods and quality assurance policy should be required before any action is taken. Once this is done, the current supplier still should not be completely cut out of the business as they have been dependable for years and could help if there are any delays from China. Part E- Value Chain Analysis- Internal/ External The basis of managing risk is for effective strategies to operate within in order to generate value for consumers and therefore increase competitive advantage. To do this, you need to determine how you compare to your competitors. A value chain analysis would be a requirement on any competitors that Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd. has in order to compare to their own. This would then be assessed and any required changes to either meet or defeat the competitors be implemented if possible. This would enable Snibbo to possibly increase their market share but at the very least maintain their current one. Within this, research should be done into new international markets to determine if there are any future possibilities for expansion. Part F- Indirect Risk Asse ssment As there is an obvious production engine which needs to be analyzed, there can be other factors of risk that could harm Snibboà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. This could include health and safety issues, improper accounting methods, discrimatory employment practices, or even improper levels of employee training which could lead to neglect. These are all legal issues which need to be enforced efficiently and effectively. Although these risks are minimal, any one of them is capable of bringing production to a halt or be extremely expensive. Proper polices need to be addressed to ensure all of these risk problems are handled correctly. Section 3- The Plan Part A- Hire Operational Risk Manager (ORM) This needs to be done first as the best risk managers are experienced which mean they will know what to look for in concerns to problems. The first task of the manager is assess any current risk and implement policies or structural changes to fix the problems. The scope of the ORMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job is to be an informer to the Directors and an educator to the employees. By having a risk specialist on the factory floor the overall risk management capabilities will be increase everyday as he/she creates a learning environment within the workplace. This is an important factor to operate within the Turnbull guidelines as education institutes risk management into every action. On a monthly basis (unless something requires immediate attention) the ORM will produce risk reports to the Directors along with any suggestions for change. Conceptually it should be important to keep the manager in close relation to the Directors in concerns to company strategy but kept a part from developing company direction to ensure risk assessment is done as impartial as possible(Crouhy and Mark, 2003). Part B- Research Current Competitive Advantage Done to create an accurate picture of the industry and to determine any future strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Once this is established both internally and externally, proper competitive advantage can be recognized and possible opportunities or threats can be noted for future strategic action. This research should also include analysis into the new supplier option for packaging. Part C- Development of Concise Goals and Direction Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd has been having problems with the direction. Snibbs and Abel both want the company to be successful but are unwilling to give Cain the power to make the required changes. Snibbs, Abel , Cain and the new ORM need to sit down and discuss their operations with the idea of instituting change. These goals are not necessarily just for sales but for change in any operations. To be effective risk managers they need to look at the companies efficiency, technological changes, competitors, branding, financial, procedural, political and determine what changes can be made to maximize good for the firm with all these forces (Blackburn, 199 9). Once established Cain and the ORM need to be empowered to make these changes. Part D- Policy Formation Once the company goals have been established, it is up to Cain and the new ORM to establish new policies to produce the desired results. The following is a list of policies to combat the recognized risk problems: 1. Production Streamlining- See if increased technology, training, or operational management can lower costs or increase production. This includes decisions made on the supplier change (a mix of the two would lower risk while gaining some cost saving benefits) 2. Quality Control- Step by step quality control measures need to be implemented in order to protect all stages of the production system from any risk. 3. Employee Education- Workshops similar to the current one to keep employees updated with risk management processes 4. Bonus/ Benefit Schemes for Employees- developed to increase production and lower turnover 5. Health and Safety Committee- A core group of employees created to assess and handle any health and safety concerns in the work place 6. Standardized Processes- To ensure quality control, all steps in the process will require quality checks. This extends past actual production to standardize any query formation, sales, changes etc. What this will do is set everything into ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own monitorable process so that any changes/ requests within the company will be authorized by the right people before action takes place. The end results is the people who have the most knowledge of risk on a subject will be able to review the request before taking action. The key with this to promote Turnbull compliance is to ensure that the processes are created to be hassle free so not to hinder the operating activities of the company from bureaucracy. Plan E- Reporting Different from normal ORM, the Turnbull Report encourages constant reporting which is developed with the regular production methods. On a month ly or possibly even weekly or daily basis risk management reports need to be generated for all fields in the business. During production, quality control tests need to be done before components are passed to the next stage, periodic employee reviews need to be done to assess the labor force, monthly financial reports along with sales invoices need to be checked for performance problems. All of this gives an up to date picture of performance and risk which can be used to determine if any changes need to be made. Plan F- Assessment With the constant reporting to management, company strategies can be adjusted on a short term basis to compensate for changes in the market or internally (Blackburn, 1999). This assessment and ability to change current policy very quickly will allow Snibbo a competitive advantage in their industry. Plan G- Constant Improvement/ Research Turnbull compliance is all about continuing change and Snibbo should take advantage of this. The competition i s constantly changing and Snibbo needs to be educated at every step internally and externally. The process for risk assessment as laid out before is used to improve current operations but as it is repeated on a daily, weekly, monthly level the company starts to become more and more dynamic. The ability to change enables the company to constantly lower risk while becoming more and more competitive (Crouhy and Mark, 2003). This may require an investment into market research but the majority of the information will be available to the company as they maintain a learning environment. Everytime the process repeats itself, employees are becoming more and more educated on risk management which allows for a constantly increase capacity to manage risk. After this, the directors and ORM gather together to determine the next periods goals and to assess any other risk related issues. Conclusion The main problems with Snibbo Metal Fasteners Ltd is that the shareholders are also the directo rs. This skew of shareholder value versus managerial competence makes it hard for a none owning director to make changes. Turnbull ideals is very effective in lowering this risk as goals are set before the changes which empowers the manager to institute change. Cainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideas are good but required a ORM to communicate their risks along with the ability to accurately weigh these risks. The introduction of a ORM is important to any company but they are only limited by their own knowledge so should not be completely dependent on. The best risk management practice is the employment of an educated and competent human resource which can predict and lower risk before any problems occur. References S Blackburn (1999) Managing Risk and achieving Turnbull compliance Accountants issue 417, October isbn 1 84140 416 Stephen Ward, (2004) Risk Management: organisation and context Witherby Co Ltd Crouhy, Michel and Mark, Robert( 2003)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Risk Managementà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚  McGraw-Hill.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Anchisaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Anchisaurus (Greek for near lizard); pronounced ANN-kih-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of eastern North America Historical Period: Early Jurassic (190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 75 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, slim body; ridged teeth for shredding leaves About Anchisaurus Anchisaurus is one of those dinosaurs that was discovered ahead of its time. When this small plant-eater was first excavated (from a well in East Windsor, Connecticut, of all places) in 1818, no one knew quite what to make of it; the bones were initially identified as belonging to a human, until the discovery of a nearby tail put an and to that idea! It was only decades later, in 1885, that the famous American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh conclusively identified Anchisaurus as a dinosaur, though its exact classification couldnt be pinned down until more was known in general about these long-extinct reptiles. And Anchisaurus was certainly strange compared to most dinosaurs discovered up to that time, a human-sized reptile with grasping hands, a bipedal posture, and a swollen belly populated by gastroliths (swallowed stones that aided in the digestion of tough vegetable matter). Today, most paleontologists consider Anchisaurus to have been a prosauropod, the family of svelte, occasionally bipedal plant-eaters of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods that were distantly ancestral to the giant sauropods, like Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus, that roamed the earth during the later Mesozoic Era. However, its also possible that Anchisaurus represented some kind of transitional form (a so-called basal sauropodomorph), or that prosauropods as a whole were omnivorous, since theres (inconclusive) evidence, based on the shape and arrangement of its teeth, that this dinosaur may occasionally have supplemented its diet with meat. Like many dinosaurs discovered in the early 19th century, Anchisaurus has gone through its fair share of name changes. The fossil specimen was originally named Megadactylus (giant finger) by Edward Hitchcock, then Amphisaurus by Othniel C. Marsh, until he discovered that this name was already preoccupied by another animal genus and settled instead on Anchisaurus (near lizard). Further complicating matters, the dinosaur we know as Ammosaurus may actually have been a species of Anchisaurus, and both of these names are probably synonymous with the now-discarded Yaleosaurus, named after Marshs alma mater. Finally, a sauropodomorph dinosaur discovered in South Africa in the early 19th century, Gyposaurus, may yet wind up being assigned to the Anchisaurus genus.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Portrayal of Society in Of Mice and Men and The...

World literature; self taught language Hungarian: After reading the two books for my world literature, of mice and men and the outsider I decided I will compare the two books on the topic choice; portrayal of society in the literature studied. This includes points such as: Meursault and Lenny not being accepted in society for who they are because they are different then others; another point would be there is a lot of violence within societies. The rest will be presented further on in my essay. But before presenting my points id like to give you a brief idea of the two books and their writers. The book of mice and men is a fiction written by john Steinbeck (1902-1968). John Steinbeck writes mainly short stories and novels, he was born†¦show more content†¦The book of mice and men tries to make the reader feel pain towards Lennys bad luck, but at the same time throughout the book the author helps us feel the ups and downs of leading a life like that of George and Lenny. Steinbeck was really keen on describing the settings of every scene in details so that we can see the place where the story takes place. He uses very old type of southern American language, to make the fact that the book is set at that certain time period more real and also to make us understand what kind of people George and Lenny are. This is quite similar to Steinbecks writing style when compared to other books written by John Steinbeck, when looking at the themes that Steinbeck often likes to use in his books. The outsider is written by Albert Camus (1913-1960). Albert Camus was a representative of non-metropolitan French literature. His origin in Algeria and his experiences there in the thirties were dominating influences in his thought and work. His works had strong revolutionary tendencies and had a lot of philosophy in them. After moving to France Camus joined the resistance movement during the occupation and after the liberation was a columnist for the newspaper Combat. He was a member of LEquipe, an Algerian theatre group, whose quot;collective creationquot; Rà ©volte dans les Asturies (1934) was banned for political reasons. Some examples of Alberts work: theShow MoreRelatedMigrant Workers as Outsiders in Of Mice and Men Essays604 Words   |  3 Pages‘Of Mice and Men’ is a novel written by John Steinbeck. The novel is set in the 1930s, where the Great Depression years occurred and had a huge impact of many lives in California. California was struggling not only with the economic problems of the Great Depression but the severe labour strife too. ‘Of Mice and Men’ has an explicit context, because of the social and political events during the 1930s America. This also creates the climate of the novel. Hardship and homelessness ran through the Read MoreSteinbeck And Etgar Kerets Of Mice And Men1394 Words   |  6 Pages Is love or loss the ultimate sacrifice? Is companionship necessary? These questions are addressed in both George Steinbeck’s and Etgar Keret’s works, where they come to the same conclusion, but the way they do so differs. In Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, Crooks seeks companionship but pushes people away, much like Sergei in Keret’s â€Å"What, of this Goldfish, Would You Wish?† and how he craves interaction while wanting privacy. Both stories are comparable in that Sergei and George both end up havingRead MoreEssay on Analysis of John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men2005 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men    Steinbecks ‘Of Mice and Men’ is a novel about people, their dreams, relationships and disappointments.   The characters are diverse and represent a cross section of society during the American Depression of the 1930s.   The novel is set in Steinbecks birthplace of Salinas Valley, California, and it is at the ranch where he grew up that we meet the majority of characters.   There are three specific locations in the novel where most of theRead MoreRacism in Disney Movies Essay5488 Words   |  22 Pagesâ€Å"race,† leaving Sunflower alone and separated from the group. Rather than correcting the racism within the scene, Disney later chose to eliminate it from the film – as if it never happened. When the racial climate of America changed in the 60s, the portrayal of such insulting stereotypes in movies and television became politically incorrect, and Disney (fearing accusations of racism) deleted Sunflower from Fantasia for the theatrical re-release o f the film. Her troubling presence was simply cropped outRead MoreMWDS Candide4817 Words   |  20 Pagesold woman. Candide discovers, much to his surprise, that Cunegonde is living in the same home, but has now become the sexual property of a Jewish merchant and a Grand Inquisitor. Shortly thereafter, Candide ends up quite unexpectedly murdering both men. The old woman, Cunegonde, and Candide then flee to Buenos Aires. There, Candide discovers that he is being pursued for the murder of the Grand Inquisitor. He makes an escape to Paraguay with his servant, Cacambo, leaving the old woman and CunegondeRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesawareness as well as educate people about lesser-known cultures in the world. I also intend on participating in the Peace Corps and speculate about earning a law degree. I wish to participate in the Geography Intern Program with the National Geographic Society because, in short, it would be the fulfillment of my dream. It would e nable me to work in an environment with people who share similar interests, providing me with an opportunity to contribute to a product that reaches a broad audience of people who

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Summary and Continuation of the story “Where Are You...

Erika Villanueva â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† By Joyce Carol Oates There are things that happen when we are growing up that change us when we are grown. There are things that change us forever. Every human being is different, and there is a reason why . All of us had a childhood and all kinds of experiences some good, some bad, some full of joy but also others very painful. Eventually we grow childhood and mature depending of what we have gone through. The way we are able to handle situations is very important because one thing leads to another. We cant rely on intuition, we need to have logic in what our choices are. We can’t just punch someone in the face just because we don’t like a certain individual, or go up to†¦show more content†¦He was telling her that he thought she was cute, and she said back to him, that she didn’t know who he was. He told her that his name was Arnold Friend, and he acted like she should know him. They kept going at each other, Arnold from the driveway and her from the house (behind the do or). Arnold seemed to know everything about her family. He knew that they were out for the day and that they wouldn’t be back. He told her that he thought that she was cute and that she should come for a ride in the car. She told him flat out that she didn’t want to, but he told her that if she hadn’t done so that he was going to hurt her family. (Oates 367) He told her too that if she picked up the phone and called the police that he was going to come into the house, but otherwise he wouldn’t come in.Connie was terrified she didnt know what to do so she put the phone down â€Å"Cmon honey†. She put her hand to the door, and walked towards Arnold Friend. He said to her â€Å"My sweet little blue eyed girl.†(Connie had brown eyes)†¦Oates tells in the end â€Å"Connie had never seen so much land before and did not recognize it except to know that she was going to it.† (Oates 377) Arnold friend took Connie away†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ While they were in the car Connie was sooo scared thatShow MoreRelatedAmerican Youth in the 1960s1593 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has in a short time been established as a nation that symbolizes acceptance and change. It has progressed into a country of equality that finds its foundation in its personal freedoms and the progressive movement of technology, politics, economics, social views, ethics and so forth since the American Revolution. It has been changing rapidly since the influx of immigrants that came here before the Revolution. The 1950s were a happy time. I Love Lucy and Leave It To Beaver were on televisionRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmultiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user

Why Was Africa Colonised - 1882 Words

Why was Africa colonised in the years 1870-1914? The Colonization of Africa was due to a wide range of factors, not only economic and political but also for social, religious, humanitarian and technological reasons, which differed from country to country. Africa’s diplomatic, strategic and material potential led European Powers to seize the opportunity to exploit a new continent. During a period between 1870 and 1914, where the continent of Africa was completely annexed by the leading European powers: Britain, France, Germany, Portugal and Italy, leaving just two countries with independence: Ethiopia and Liberia. The interest in Africa begun before 1870. Britain and France were the first European powers to show interest in Africa’s†¦show more content†¦Britain occupied Egypt in 1882 to ensure that the Suez Canal was protected from any rivals, as it was fundamental in trading with India. Likewise, Cape Colony was occupied to ensure it remained under British control. The western coast of Africa provided strate gic locations for securing trade for other European nations, and places for refuelling navies. Secondly, expansion into Africa provided an opportunity not just to maintain and protect trade routes, but also to create new ones that ran throughout Africa. Britain wanted to establish a trade route that ran from Cape Colony to the Suez Canal, and they therefore needed to colonise countries that lay in-between. The ‘scramble for Africa’ can be seen as based partly on the desire to gain strategic locations within the country that would enhance and secure trade with the rest of the world, and again bring economic advantages. This factor also explains to some extent why there was a ‘scramble’, as each European country wanted to ensure that they acquired the countries that would help their trade, before another European power had the chance. It was a widely held belief in Europe, that imperialism could help ease political and domestic tensions, reflected when Cecil Rhodes said: ‘if you want to avoid civil war, you must be an imperialist’ . This can be seen as a motive for gaining colonies in Africa therefore. In Germany, social unrest loomed as a result of growingShow MoreRelatedThe Following Three Concepts Describe How the World Has Been Divided According to the Levels of Development. Discuss the Origins and Validity of These Concepts: Third World/South, North (West/First World), Development1524 Words   |  7 Pagesworld and first world will be named. Factors affecting the development in the third world will be identified. Third world/South , North (West/First world) and Development Third World /South countries are the developing countries. Third world was a term originally used to distinguish nations that were involved during the cold war. Third world countries are the developing countries or poor countries but today the term is used to show nations with the smallest UN Human Development index (HDI)Read MoreThe Creation Of The British Colonial Empire1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe creation of the British colonial empire was one of the great facts of history. For the Empire, Britain took a larger share than any other nation in developing the movement of people between continents; it also has changed the expansion of Whites, Blacks and Indians. By exporting outside its borders, together with its colonists, civilization, language, and institutions, it contributed mightily to the vast movement of Westernization of the world. Many historians debate on how the empire began.Read MoreThe Political Position Of Developed Western Countries847 Words   |  4 PagesAfricans even before colonial rule was established† (Thomson, 2000: 19). To further use Thomson’s writing in order to examine the case study I will be doing about Burundi, we have to acknowledge that when Africans were captured and made into slaves, it destroyed local and political and social formation. And the fact that the people who could have contributed to the economical advancement of Africa were sent to work in Europe, means that imperial powers underdeveloped Africa by stealing their labour forceRead MoreAustrali A Developed Country With A Good Health System And South Africa Developing Country868 Words   |  4 Pageswhere both countries have been colonized at some point in time by another country that is technologically advanced, it leaves me with a question. Why then is one country more stable in its Health status whilst the other is struggling?.This document will focus on the comparison of Australia, a developed country with a good health system and South Africa a developing country that needs more attention in public health interventio ns. 2. WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH? The World Health Organisation (WHO) definesRead MoreA Postcolonial Perspective On An International Level1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe fear of Ebola has prompted some interesting behaviour around the world. Reportedly the disease that started in Africa is now with increasing frequency equated with all inhabitants of the continent as well as everybody who looks similar. By now Ebola is â€Å"reviving imagery of the Dark Continent† (Wright/CNN 2014) in several media outlets which leads to the question if Public Relations campaigns that are dealing with the topic on an international level further encourage that trend. As professionalRead MoreRostow s Theory Of Economic Growth997 Words   |  4 Pagesin use is also described as ‘pre-Newtonian’. Examples of such societies include Medieval Europe and Chinese dynasties. The second stage, preconditions for take-off, is explained as encompassing nations with a more stable political base. This stage was clearly established in Western Europe in the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century, as scientific advancements and continued industrialisation had aided agriculture and the capital market to thrive. The next stage is the actual takeRead MoreReview Of Dethroning The Harvest From Blaineys A Short History Of The World 1509 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst piece of the text, and summarises the differences between then and now. Whilst billions of people still live below the breadline in places like Sub-Saharan Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America (Shah, 2013), the spread of wealth has changed in a way that we are able to track the changes by consumption. The countries colonised by European countries that were noted by Blainey and Crone as having been struggling with food are, from the 1800’s onwards, generally some of the best fed peopleRead MoreThe Height Of Colonialism Between The 18th And 20th Century2818 Words   |  12 PagesDuring the height of colonialism between the 17th and 20th century, almost all of Asia was at one point either directly taken as a colonial possession, or was strongly influenced politically and economically by a colonial power. The exception to this was Siam (now Thailand) which has remained largely independent despite colonial pressure on all its borders (with the exception of the concession of what is now Laos and Burma). For the sake of brevity and consistency, this essay will only be dealingRead MoreCritical Commentary of Frantz Fanon925 Words   |  4 Pagesand the world do not correspond, and asking how Fanon, the revolutionary, would think and act in the period of retrogression.† A complete study of 1968 and its legacies in Europe can not solely deal with events that occurred on the continent. 1968 was, in fact, a â€Å"global phenomenon†; with ideas perpetrated in Europe reaching as far as Mexico, China, and India, but to name a few . The beginning of this mutualistic relationship between â€Å"New Left† groups on different continents (which spawned the revolutionaryRead MoreWhy is Africa so under-developed?1653 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica is the world’s second largest continent and the second most populated continent behind Asia. Africa is the poorest and the most undeveloped continent in the world, and is commonly referred to as a ‘Third World Continent’. The term ‘Third World’ came around during the Cold War to classify countries/continents that remained self-governing with a capitalist or communist government. This definition allows us to categorise the nations of the world into three groups based on social, political

Postmodern Hindu Law Free Essays

The Hindu law has been a guiding principle for our society, especially in certain matters like the conjugal affairs or the responsibilities of kinship. The Kutia Kandha customs are also based on the lines of Hindu law but they seem to be more systematic. Maintenance As per the Hindu law, regardless of ownership of property, a person is morally obliged to take over the responsibility of his wife, old parents and minors. We will write a custom essay sample on Postmodern Hindu Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now This norm is followed by the Kutia Kandha people with some further inclusions. Accordingly, the inheritance of a property should not become the basis of a son’s commitments towards his parents or his wife. It’s the duty of sons to look after their parents even if they don’t inherit the property in return. But the nuance is that the responsibility of staying with the old parents comes down to the youngest one. He has to take care of everything, even the funerary rights of his parents. Same rule applies on an adopted son; no property will be inherited if he fails to fulfill his responsibilities.Similarly, maintenance of minors and unmarried or handicapped children is a responsibility that parents cannot avoid. In circumstances like death of parents, the duty is accorded to near male kin, if he is inheriting the property. In another situation, if the husband dies, the widow has to maintain the minors until the eldest one turns a major. And in case, she marries some outsider, the responsibility of the minors and the property, everything goes under the control of the family of deceased husband, basically a male kin of his.GuardianshipWhether a minor is legitimate or illegitimate, there should be a guardian to take over his responsibilities. The Kutias have elucidated certain points that are needed for the consideration of guardianship. Father is the natural guardian of a child, and in case of his death, the mother becomes one. A major child may become a guardian of his minor siblings in case both the parents are dead. In absence of such a major child, the responsibility goes to either of the grandparents. Grandparents to next full brother and then to half brother, this process continues until and unless there is some male kin of their father available for such guardianship. Else the process is repeated in maternal clan.Illegitimate child goes with the legitimate husband of the deceased woman, and in case he denies, the family of woman is supposed to take care of the child.Adopted father of an adopted son is his guardian and not the real father, in such a case.Lastly, in case of a divorce, the children stay with father. If they are small enough not to live without mother, they remain with the mother and go to the father once they grow up.AdoptionThere are many reasons, for which a person may want to adopt a child; some childless couple may want an old age support or some may not be willing to have their own kids and just go for adoption. Whatever the reason maybe, anyone can adopt a child.The Kutia Kandhas have delineated the conditions of adoptions. One can adopt a child of any gender but he should start choosing from his paternal kinsmen, if not available then from an outsider, whether from same clan or not. The adopted son is entrusted with all the responsibilities of a real son (ibid) thereafter and becomes the inheritor of his adopted parents’ property, too. Even the responsibility of minors, widow, old grandparents etc is invested on him. Failing to which, his property may be forfeited. If a situation arises wherein the adopted son and father separate, the question of inheritance of property depends upon the case of separation. If the adopted son is guilty, he may not get anything; otherwise he can claim the rights.Not every rule is just for adopted son, even the adopter have some duties towards him, like looking after his welfare, marriage and every other aspect that he may do or have done for his real son. How to cite Postmodern Hindu Law, Papers

Current Survey Process Used By JCI

Question: You are on a Mock Joint Commission Survey Team for the hospital. The hospital will conduct an unannounced mock survey in the next 3 months. The team leader has asked you to bring suggestions of activities to include in the upcoming internal (mock) survey to share at the next meeting. You want to include activities that simulate a real Joint Commission on-site survey. You have several ideas from networking with your peers on the regional and state levels of your professional associations and by participating in AHIMA's CoP for Joint Commission Accreditation. Your next step is to visit the Joint Commission website at www.jointcommission.org and review the current survey process to gain a better understanding of what is being done during the on-site survey. What suggestions would you include in the next mock survey conducted? Develop a Mock survey plan for this organization by using information from the reading and at the Joint Commission's website. Be sure to include information on tracers, the National Patient Safety Goals, physician compliance with documentation standards, medication safety, etc. Answer: Introduction: A mock survey can be extremely beneficial to an organization. It can help an organize measure the milestones achieved, compliances met and can give it the scope for improvement in the future. It helps to prepare for the real survey which can enable an organization to get prestigious accreditations and increase the value of an organization (Chamberlain Hamner, 2007). Current Survey Process used by JCI: The most common method used by JCI for an on-site survey process is Tracer Methodology. In this process information about the care or treatments provided to a patient or the services provided is obtained through the delivery of health care procedures of an organization. It involves a number of steps which enables the surveyor to recognize the issues related to performance issues of an organization (Rothchild, 2000). The various kinds of tracers used by JCI are Individual Tracer activity: In this process a particular patient is selected and then the information is gathered about the treatment, care or services the patient has received at the hospital. This is done through interviewing, questionnaires and scrutiny of documents related to the patient (Uselton, Kienle, Murdaugh Coe, 2010). System tracer activity: In this process a particular system is selected and information is gathered about the processes involved in the system, the communication and co-ordination with other departments through interviews, questionnaires and documents. Data management, Medication management and infection control are three areas which are evaluated by this method. Accreditation program-specific tracers: These tracers recognize the points of risks and concerns of safety related to the services, treatment etc. Second generation tracers: These involve in-depth study of a particular topic, process etc. The issues that are prone to high risks can be surveyed by this process as a detailed survey would help overcome many hazards which can threaten the safety of patients. Examples of these issues would be disinfection, diagnostic imaging, cleaning, sterilization etc (Joint, 2007). The new mock survey process: Objectives: To make the staff aware of the regulatory standards To identify if the hospital is in compliance of the rules To know the compliances required for an accreditation The team: It would comprise of all the clinical as well as the non-clinical staff. There would be a core team of the administrator, the physicians and the nurse. There would be a specialty team comprising of staff from safety and facility management, infection control, Pharmacy and laboratories. The process: The date would be scheduled for the survey process and it would be announced to all the staff. All the documents required in the survey should be ready in appropriate format. Some of the required documents are Organization chart Departmental heads job description Administrative policies and procedures- Admission, transfer and discharge Policy for care of vulnerable patients Safe keeping of patient belongings policy. Employee manual. Annual evaluation records Attendance records Training requirements assessment process Patient safety plan Risk management plan Apart from these all the information related to survey should be organized properly. The survey would be conducted in all the departments through interviews and questionnaires. The staff as well as patients should take part in the survey. The feedback from the patients is important as it would give a scope of improvement before the real survey (Steenstra, 2000). Special reviews of the following should be taken care of Co-ordination of communication between different departments. Whether the orders of physicians were followed. Aid care plans. Monitoring to check if supervisory visits are done regularly. Clinical information about every patient. Bio hazards control. Infection control. Fire safety. Action plan All the deficiencies must be noted down and informed to the respective departments. A time-limit should be given to work upon it and a follow up should be done after that. Every department should be given a checklist and a supervisor to check if the work is getting done according to the checklist. The reports should be reviewed by the core committee and if the work is not done actions should be taken. Meeting is to be held in every department to brief about the entire process and then work upon it (Brace, 2013). Budget: In order to make the changes finances are very important. It might not be possible to overcome all the deficiencies in one go. The budget should be made keeping in mind the areas of priorities or utmost importance. Conclusion It is most important to analyze the deficiencies and find the solutions after a mock survey. Also, regular reviews to check whether the deficiencies have been overcome can make a mock survey successful. References: Brace, I. (2013). Questionnaire design : how to plan, structure and write survey material for effective market research. London: Kogan Page Limited. Chamberlain, K. Hamner, C. (2007). The JCAHO mock survey made simple. Marblehead, Mass: Opus Communications. Joint. (2007). 2008 Standards for Behavioral Health Care (SBHC. City: Joint Commission on. Rothchild, S. (2000). Advances in Tracer Methodology Volume 2 A collection of papers presented at the Sixth, Seventh, and Eight Symposia on Tracer Methodology plus other papers selected by the editor. Boston, MA: Springer US. Steenstra, H. (2000). Interaction and the standardized survey interview the living questionnaire. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. Uselton, J., Kienle, P., Murdaugh, L. Coe, C. (2010). Assuring continuous compliance with Joint Commission standards a pharmacy guide. Bethesda, Md: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Mitosis and Cell free essay sample

Puppies increase in size as their cells grow and divide. Almost all cells complete a full cell cycle that includes interphase and cell division. In interphase, cells serve their specialized functions, grow, and copy their genetic material. Mitosis is the first stage of cell division, in which the copied chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Then in cytokinesis the cell divides into two daughter cells. If no mutations or errors occur, the genetic material in each daughter cell is identical to what was in the original cell. Now that you have completed this lesson, you should be able to: describe the stages of the cell cycle explain the process of mitosis and its role in the formation of new cells describe the structure of a chromosome follow chromosomes through the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis If you do not feel comfortable with these topics, go back and review the lesson before attempting your assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Mitosis and Cell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page lab icon Virtual Lab Activity In this virtual lab activity, you will be observing the cell cycle in the tip of an onion root. The root tip is responsible for the downward growth of the root and is one of the regions in the plant where cells are actively dividing and growing. Because of this, the root tip is an excellent system in which to observe the entire cell cycle, including the processes of nuclear division (mitosis) and cell division (cytokinesis). Puppies increase in size as their cells grow and divide. Almost all cells complete a full cell cycle that includes interphase and cell division. In interphase, cells serve their specialized functions, grow, and copy their genetic material. Mitosis is the first stage of cell division, in which the copied chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Then in cytokinesis the cell divides into two daughter cells. If no mutations or errors occur, the genetic material in each daughter cell is identical to what was in the original cell. Now that you have completed this lesson, you should be able to: describe the stages of the cell cycle explain the process of mitosis and its role in the formation of new cells describe the structure of a chromosome follow chromosomes through the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis If you do not feel comfortable with these topics, go back and review the lesson before attempting your assignment. lab icon Virtual Lab Activity In this virtual lab activity, you will be observing the cell cycle in the tip of an onion root. The root tip is responsible for the downward growth of the root and is one of the regions in the plant where cells are actively dividing and growing. Because of this, the root tip is an excellent system in which to observe the entire cell cycle, including the processes of nuclear division (mitosis) and cell division

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Some Tips in Excelling at College Exams Using a Sample Outline Cause and Effect Essay Example

Some Tips in Excelling at College Exams Using a Sample Outline Cause and Effect Essay ExampleSample Outline Cause and Effect Essay Example or Treatment for the College Exams is one of the key things that you have to master if you want to pass the college entrance exams. Your exam paper depends on this Sample Outline Cause and Effect Essay Example.You need to apply yourself in the understanding of Cause and Effect. This is essential to understand if you want to take your exams successfully. It will enable you to write a research paper effectively and accurately.This will help you make an outline of different sections of the paper. In this outline, you will note down how one action caused another. This will help you remember the different aspects of your paper.It will help you get all the points clear and make sure that you know exactly what the topic is all about. It will also help you remember when you have reached the right point in the paper. Without this knowledge, you will be una ble to complete the paper.You need to be familiar with cause and effect. As the title suggests, this means that whatever you do, some effect will follow. It is all connected to one another and sometimes it will occur instantly.When there is a cause and effect, you will notice that the cause is the action and the effect is the effect of the action. You can apply this in every case. If you drop a ball, some effects will follow such as hitting the floor or breaking the window.In order to ace the college entrance exams, you need to have these skills. It will be helpful if you apply the same techniques to your essay. You will be able to ace the college entrance exams.So, to recap, in case of the sample outline cause and effect essay example, you need to have an outline of the different sections of the paper. You need to understand what the cause and effect are and how they are connected to each other.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Critically Analysed Global Tourism Market Terms Tourism Essay Example

Critically Analysed Global Tourism Market Terms Tourism Essay Example Critically Analysed Global Tourism Market Terms Tourism Essay Critically Analysed Global Tourism Market Terms Tourism Essay Today, the concern positions and growing have changed. Now, a companys vision and mission is non merely to gain net incomes but develop trade name image and wanting to be top in that concern. These desires make manner to spread out its concern globally merely after being a good local participant. For traveling planetary it needs to look at many facets and need to hold right scheme, feasibleness analysis and hazards analysis. Execution of program at the right clip, topographic point and market with right client can take to success. This study contains critically analysed planetary touristry market footings and rules effectual for any administration and different schemes to be adopted depend on state. E-commerce advantage, Furthermore footfalls to follow these schemes which would do it successful and different from its rivals. 2. Global Tourism Trend Tourism is of import and quickly turning industry in service sector. It contributes about 11 % of the entire universe s GDP ( Gross domestic merchandise ) and one of the highest among the service sector Fig1. Contribution to universe GDP ( WTTC, 2008 ) In twelvemonth 2008 international touristry reach 992 million up by 2 % from old twelvemonth and gross rise by 1.7 % i.e. US $ 944 billion while add-on of US $ 183 billion from international rider leads to US $ 1.1 trillion. The top states of visit along with gross grosss Fig2. Top states ( WTTC, 2008 ) Visitors travel for assorted grounds to cognize generic growing of touristry it s truly of import to cognize intent of visit Fig3. Purpose of visit ( WTTC, 2008 ) Harmonizing to Fiona Jeffery president of universe trade market and Redyouter touristry industry suffered reverse of 4 % i.e. 880 million in 2009. Due to planetary recognition crunch, rising prices, falling disposable income, increase fuel monetary value and swine grippe are major grounds. Still it claims growing of 3 to 4 % by 2010 and predict appraisal of 1.6 billion travelers by 2020. Furthermore it states that civilization, heritage and historical section of touristry will turn at a high rate in near future. ( Redyouter, 2010 ) , ( onecaribbean, 2008 ) Fig4. Tourist from 1950 to 2010 ( UNWTO, 2009 ) 3. Overview By part 3.1 UK Tourism United Kingdom is one of the major finishs of touristry. Furthermore it adds to the state s economic system, increases employment. In twelvemonth 2007, 123.45 million trips with disbursement ?21,238 million. While 2008 trips declined by 4.6 % i.e. 117.71million but disbursement was nt affected lowered by 0.62 % i.e. ?21,107million. This was due to economic lag, rising prices, increase fuel monetary value and hapless conditions during twelvemonth. But easy recovers as it is one of the major tourer attractive forces in universe. Fig5. Trips and Spending ( Visitbritain, 2008 ) UK has a assortment of attractive forces such as Amusement and subject Parkss Castle, Palaces A ; Stately places Zoo, Parks, Gardens and Safari Parkss Museums A ; Galleries Churchs, Cathedrals and Abbeys Landmarks A ; Historic sites Other attractive forces are Harrods, The Globe Theatre, British Library, Ruthin, Camden Market, Paddington station. The major tourer finishs located in UK are England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. However the popular topographic points are England and Scotland. While if we compare portion of the trips to the population distribution in topographic point England and Northern Ireland have less portion compared to Scotland and Wales. Fig6. Trips and Population ( Visitbritain, 2008 ) Every touristry trips have different intent behind it. This may change from individual to individual and metropolis to metropolis like: Holiday Trips 1-3 darks 4+more darks VFR ( Visiting friends and relations ) Business/work If we compare overall trips to UK, England and Scotland have more holiday trips compare Wales and Northern Ireland. Furthermore VFR and Business are major in England comparison to others Fig7. Purpose of visit ( Visitbritain, 2008 ) Furthermore it s truly of import to cognize sum spend by single differ upon the pick and services like good cordial reception, epicurean suites and first-class manner of travel. This sum besides varies from metropolis to metropolis as some of the topographic points are dearly-won due to their popularity. This cost is of import factor in touristry. Fig8. Spending by Purpose ( Visitbritain, 2008 ) Therefore we can see that England is major topographic point for vacations in UK. This involves the topographic points like East Midlands, East of England, South East England, South west England, North west England, North east England, Yorkshire and West Midlands. Fig9. England ( Visitbritain, 2008 ) In England no of tourer are attracted to East Midlands which consist topographic points like Derbyshire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Nottinghamshire Rutland 3.2 Nottingham touristry Nottingham is of import metropolis an unchallenged capital of East Midlands. It s been 9th largest topographic point in England in footings of travel and work. The population is about 260,000 where 3 million can be reached within hr thrust. More of import in footings of occupation creative activity it s the fastest turning metropolis in UK. Advantage is 120 stat mis from London and 50 stat mis from Birmingham. This makes it really convenient and easy to see Nottingham from these topographic points Nottingham has neer been off from history as memory of legendary hero Robin Hood along with its historic antagonist the sheriff of Nottingham. Other than that it has many other historical and new attractive forces such as: Nottingham palace and art gallery Sherwood Forest Wollaton park, Clumber park, Rufford state park, Colwick park and Victoria park The Galleries of justness, Lace market and Corner house Nottingham sphere and Nottingham Royal concert hall are celebrated for unrecorded music in UK The Roman Catholic cathedral, Anglican parish church, St. Mary the virgin, Greater churches group are Historic edifices ( enjoyengland, 2009 ) However 2009 councillorA Leon Unczur developed a committee to setup a universe category Robin Hood attractive force ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) Nottingham is said metropolis of caves, beneath houses, stores and offices 100s of caves exist some people are cognizant about this labyrinth construction. Nottingham has more semisynthetic caves than anyplace else in Britain. ( Cityofcaves, 2009 ) Fig10. Nottingham attractive forces ( enjoyengland, 2009 ) 4. UK Plague Political Political factors can hold a major consequence on concern and might even impact passing power of clients Political environment should be stable Government policies High Political support to touristry industry as it is one of the major turning industries in UK. Government positions on civilization, faith, historical memorials in state Encourage to increase touristry Government to keep and continue the historical attractive forces in the state Maintain peace in the state by being off from war and panic Economic The market the local and national economical construction needs to see long term. Interest rates Exchange rates of the state comparison to other major touristry topographic points Per capita income Inflation Economic growing in recent twelvemonth s GDP ( Gross domestic merchandise ) Taxes on concern Sociocultural Sociocultural affect concern and varies state to state. It s Important to cognize before doing any immense investing. Travelers have narrow mentality investing depends on pick, service comfort, intent Language, life manner, civilization drama of import function Easy manner to acquire visa to that state Peoples going expression for safety and wellness in 2009 touristry was severely affected by spread of swine grippe. Technological Technology plays a critical function and even helps to accomplish competitory border E-commerce growing Good substructure Super ferries and cruise ships for attractive force New land Bridgess and roads infinite touristry with engineering Easy cheque in and cheques out ( bized,2010 ) , ( halsbury,2009 ) 5. Footfalls Footfalls is little turning SME in historical Tourss concern with the vision History at your ain gait it s a household concern run by proprietor Mr. Roger and his married woman Judith. Company was started with two members studied from the nearby university and developed this concern. It s popular among the people who are enthusiastic about civilization and history. Isabella their girl is traveling to fall in concern. The concern was been set up 30 old ages ago and is rather successful. But is stagnated over a twosome of old ages 5.1 Current place The Business has grown up rather good and even the staff members have been increase to 15 full clip and 25 including partime. Mr. Roger is more involved in research and is a rather obstinate enterpriser and less bothered about the type of current tendency which concern demands. His manner of pulling client is by good quality services. He is loath to accept new thoughts and engineering. His selling schemes involves Booklets e.g. The Penguin history of 20th century and Discovering church architecture Airing unrecorded on local telecasting and negotiations about historical events Cds incorporating some historical research and events are used for selling Post answers to client feedbacks or snail mails ( said by Izzy ) Meanwhile Mrs Judith looks after the administrative portion of the concern. Her portion is rather nerve-racking due to miss of the staff and finally makes it hard to pull off things individual conveniently, while Roger is rather cognizant about it. Isabella girl of Roger and Judith returned home after working for six old ages as senior undertaking director in USA. While Max is the friend of Isabella who has degree in computing machine scientific discipline along with experience in cyberspace enabling and ecommerce as he has been a portion of a large air hose company in design of informations direction system. 5.2 Swot Strength Failing Family concern Personal relation affect determination Repute in concern More work burden Strong potency clients Lack staff Good research cognition Limited entree as no web site Customer positive feedback Lack cognition about international market Less competition as hard to prolong Loath to accept new thoughts and engineering Opportunities Menaces Explore new market Local and international rivals. New selling schemes Political barriers Innovate thoughts and bundles Maintain good will Premium monetary value due to repute and trade name image Loath to engineering may decelerate down concern Development of e-commerce Lose market portion 6. Porter s Generic schemes The competitory border be achieved with the aid of following schemes Fig 11: Porter s generic schemes ( mindtools, 2010 ) . Cost leading Strategy The company needs to keep medium cost and quality service Company should concentrate on addition market portion by take downing monetary value but still doing sensible net income because gross revenues have increased even when cost is cut down Due to strong monetary value competition new houses have trouble to last As clip alterations monetary values may worsen due to competition in such state of affairs company can keep its profitableness with aid of uninterrupted betterment Key point is company should cut down the cost of presenting merchandise and services while the cost paid the client may stay same Differentiation Scheme Differentiation scheme involves development of new thoughts and innovate services which more attractive than those of the rivals. Unique selling preposition ( USP ) can be achieved with the aid of its repute and quality of service over old ages which can assist them to bear down premium monetary value Effective gross revenues and publicity with e-commerce aid consumer to understand benefits of such offers while cost can be covered by bear downing premium monetary value Before old service loses demand new offer should be queue to keep the UPS ( alone merchandising preposition ) for company Focus scheme To concentrate on specific niche market this involves the clients like Leisure clients Business clients Independent travelers Package vacation shapers Specific age groups Offer services by understanding market demands and even run into client s demands Need to hold a proper expression on quality services and maintain healthy relationship with clients Continuous betterment in service and client feedback is truly of import Proper client focal point additions trueness and finally captures market and makes section less attractive for rivals ( mindtools, 2010 ) . 7. Selling Mix Marketing mix is combination of phases which needs proper planning and executing in order to accomplish success. It nevertheless includes construct of four P s Product, Place, Promotion and Price. ( Kotler, 2000 ) Fig 12: of import 7P s of selling Mix ( salesandmarketing,2009 ) Tourism industry merchandise is different from other it s non touchable. Product is service based for illustration experience of stay, breakfast, repast, wakeup call and visit to local tourer attractive forces are signifier of services which are termed as touristry merchandises Merchandise Addition of properties to the merchandise such as sole hotel, epicurean room, and good conveyance and conference installations with less monetary value within bundle which individually are expensive this benefits client to purchase such merchandise and additions satisfaction, relaxation, geographic expedition and acquisition Monetary value Monetary value is of import factor and is justice by quality of service, merchandise and trade name go manus in manus. Most of branded merchandises are ever high monetary value so original cost. Customer is ready to pay more hoping of some particular services. This psychological advantage can assist concern to distinguish between the bundles offered at the same clip by others and makes worth paying to the trade name image merchandise. Topographic point Distribution topographic point of merchandise is of import. There are two ways Direct distribution: the company takes full control of merchandise take it to market and promote in that peculiar topographic point e.g. trade with co-corporate and possible clients Indirect distribution: allow some little bureaus do local engagement and happen the possible clients in return can give some committee. Procedure Tourism concern involve many procedures such as planning, disposal, selling, preparation, distribution, schemes, enlisting, buying and on clip bringing. Need to do certain all procedures are good organised and run swimmingly in instance of job it should be rectified rapidly Peoples In touristry industry staff covering with clients should be first-class with words of oral cavity and advance excellence service. This can be achieved by preparation and wages system for work. Discussion among staff members can even assist to better merchandise and services. Focuss on type of client are leisure, concern, independent, holiday shapers and specific age groups. Physical grounds Evidence can be positive feedback from possible clients affecting quality of service and trades that can be publish or can be posted on the web site. This finally would pull more people and add value to trade name image. Promotion Promotion is of import facet of concern. The best manner of communicating channel should be selected which could make multitudes with clear aims of the concern. most of import is channel should be cost effectual. ( Capegateway, 2005 ) 7.1 E-commerce Technology Internet with E-commerce has been proved to be the best and consequence channel for touristry industry. Tourism is information based industry. E-commerce changed position of client Fig 13: Tourism E-commerce Model ( Si-quing liu,2006 ) Customer can easy see the topographic point of visit Engagements and payment can be easy done It increases efficiency and reduces the cost Marketing through cyberspace is easy, effectual and attractive Tourist have multiple options on bundles Customer can come in their budget and best circuit within budget appears with individual chink ( sole characteristic ) It can easy make the multitudes around the Earth finally company is branded internationally ( Si-quing liu, 2006 ) Fig 14: Internet gross revenues ( HVS, 2010 ) 8. Recommendations E-commerce engineering can be integrated in footfalls concern with aid of Max. This would present a new platform and give rise to concern. As Europe and USA is immense market. It can spread out their concern with aid of Max as he is born and have household in Italy while Izzy can acquire some co-corporate clients through her contacts in USA where she worked for six old ages Massive Selling can be done with aid web site and is cost effectual, However all booklets, research and cadmium s and feedback from valuable client can be uploaded on web site which can be read by people around the Earth Roger can even be on chirrup, upload picture on youtube, make communities on societal web sites like facebook, orkut and can be portion of web site linkedin.com where 60million people exchange thoughts, information and chances Footfalls can be spouse with STC ( sustainable touristry standards ) which helps to develop rules of touristry even ASTA ( American society of travel agents ) and Expedia which is UK no 1 high traffic touristry web site is besides portion of it ( alexa,2008 ) , ( sustainabletourismcriteria,2009 ) 9. Decision

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Scientific and Social Definitions of Race

Scientific and Social Definitions of Race Its a common belief that race can be broken down into three categories: Negroid, Mongoloid and Caucasoid. But according to science, thats not so. While the American concept of race took off in the late 1600s and persists even today, researchers now argue that there’s no scientific basis for race. So, what exactly is race, and what are its origins? The Difficulty of Grouping People Into Races According to John H. Relethford, author of The Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology, race â€Å"is a group of populations that share some biological characteristics†¦.These populations differ from other groups of populations according to these characteristics.† Scientists can divide some organisms into racial categories easier than others, such as those which remain isolated from one another in different environments. In contrast, the race concept doesn’t work so well with humans. That’s because not only do humans live in a wide range of environments, they also travel back and forth between them. As a result, there’s a high degree of gene flow among people groups that make it hard to organize them into discrete categories. Skin color remains a primary trait Westerners use to place people into racial groups. However, someone of African descent may be the same skin shade as someone of Asian descent. Someone of Asian descent may be the same shade as someone of European descent. Where does one race end and another begin? In addition to skin color, features such as hair texture and face shape have been used to classify people into races. But many people groups cannot be categorized as Caucasoid, Negroid or Mongoloid, the defunct terms used for the so-called three races. Take Native Australians, for instance. Although typically dark-skinned, they tend to have curly hair which is often light colored. â€Å"On the basis of skin color, we might be tempted to label these people as African, but on the basis of hair and facial shape they might be classified as European,† Relethford writes. â€Å"One approach has been to create a fourth category, the ‘Australoid.’† Why else is grouping people by race difficult? The concept of race posits that more genetic variation exists interracially than intra-racially  when the opposite is true. Only about 10 percent of variation in humans exists between the so-called races. So, how did the concept of race take off in the West, particularly in the United States? The Origins of Race in America The America of the early 17th century was in many ways more progressive in its treatment of blacks than the country would be for decades to come. In the early 1600s, African Americans could trade, take part in court cases and acquire land. Slavery based on race did not yet exist. â€Å"There was really no such thing as race then,† explained anthropologist Audrey Smedley, author of Race in North America: Origins of a Worldview, in a 2003 PBS interview. â€Å"Although ‘race’ was used as a categorizing term in the English language, like ‘type’ or ‘sort’ or ‘kind, it did not refer to human beings as groups.† While race-based slavery wasn’t a practice, indentured servitude was. Such servants tended to be overwhelmingly European. Altogether, more Irish people lived in servitude in America than Africans. Plus, when African and European servants lived together, their difference in skin color did not surface as a barrier. â€Å"They played together, they drank together, they slept together†¦The first mulatto child was born in 1620 (one year after the arrival of the first Africans),† Smedley noted. On many occasions, members of the servant class- European, African and mixed-race- rebelled against the ruling landowners. Fearful that a united servant population would usurp their power, the landowners distinguished Africans from other servants, passing laws that stripped those of African or Native American  descent of rights. During this period, the number of servants from Europe declined, and the number of servants from Africa rose. Africans were skilled in trades such as farming, building, and metalwork that made them desired servants. Before long, Africans were viewed exclusively as slaves and, as a result, sub-human. As for Native Americans, they were regarded with great curiosity by the Europeans, who surmised that they descended from the lost tribes of Israel, explained historian Theda Perdue, author of Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South, in a PBS interview. This belief meant that Native Americans were essentially the same as Europeans. They’d simply adopted a different way of life because they’d been separated from Europeans, Perdue posits. â€Å"People in the 17th century†¦were more likely to distinguish between Christians and heathens than they were between people of color and people who were white†¦,† Perdue said. Christian conversion could make American Indians fully human, they thought. But as Europeans strove to convert and assimilate Natives, all the while seizing their land, efforts were underway to provide a scientific rationale for Africans’ alleged inferiority to Europeans. In the 1800s, Dr. Samuel Morton argued that physical differences between races could be measured, most notably by brain size. Morton’s successor in this field, Louis Agassiz, began â€Å"arguing that blacks are not only inferior but they’re a separate species altogether,† Smedley said. Wrapping Up Thanks to scientific advances, we can now say definitively that individuals such as Morton and Aggasiz are wrong. Race is fluid and thus difficult to pinpoint scientifically. â€Å"Race is a concept of human minds, not of nature,† Relethford writes. Unfortunately, this view hasn’t completely caught on outside of scientific circles. Still, there are signs times have changed. In 2000, the U.S. Census allowed Americans to identify as multiracial for the first time. With this shift, the nation allowed its citizens to blur the lines between the so-called races, paving the way for a future when such classifications no longer exist.​