The Effects of Alcohol on Pilots During Flight Essay

Alcohol is something that has been part of human nature for thousands of years. It has been used by means of medical, social, religious, and cultural settings (Information about Alcohol, n.d.). Alcohol is going to be a product that will be a part of our lives for many years to come, definitely past our lifetime. A problem that we see today is the use of drinking and driving. This is one of life’s more dangerous and stupid activities, but people still decide to do it. People like to push their abilities to the edge, which could end up causing death to themselves and others. When we watch the news, there always seems to be at least one crash that involved a drunk driver. You have to remember that one incident happened in our city,†¦show more content†¦This then starts to create the sensation that someone is drunk by having the symptoms that include: slurred speech, blurred vision, uncoordinated balance, heavy sweating, and the dullness of pain. When you are fl ying, you definitely need some of those senses to be at their peak performance (News, 2001). Along with the central nervous system, the outer layer of the brain is also affected by alcohol. The main part of the brain that is affected is the frontal cortex. This part of the brain is in charge of conscious thought. When people drink alcohol, they tend to lose their conscious thought, or otherwise known as their inhibitions. Alcohol disturbs many parts of the brain, but another important area that is affected is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located towards the back of your brain, and is in charge of controlling your balance, coordination, and your eye movements. When alcohol is consumed, the brain can misread the judgment of distances and heights. Throughout the course of a flight, the pilot is going to constantly be looking out the window to judge the distance and height of things. This is mostly important when the pilot is coming into land at the airport. If the pilot misjudges the correct distance to touchdown, everyone on the plane could die due to overshooting or undershooting. Pilots need their senses to be perfect while they are flying because they are in charge of potentially hundreds ofShow MoreRelatedThe On A Sleepy Mind And Sleepy Body888 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar to â€Å"that of drunkenness, [under] the effects of a large dose of alcohol† [1]. Many careers, which include high stress situations and strict timelines, often deprive employees of a good rest due to their working environment. An example of such would be the life of an Airline Pilot, where passenger safety, fast changing weather and inconvenient schedules prevent the Pilot from receiving enough rest. In a British study done in 2014, 86.1% of Pilots reported that they commenced a shift while fatiguedRead MoreWhy Should Spatial Disorientation Be Prevented?1645 Words   |  7 PagesPREVENTED? Spatial Disorientation can be very dangerous when experienced in-flight for civil aviation or military aviation. In order to understand perfectly why prevention of spatial disorientation is mandatory, one of the main priorities is to understand the definition for ‘spatial disorientation’ in terms of aviation. When it comes to the definition, it can have a few definitions. It can be known as a condition where the pilot fails to match the perception of direction with true performance. HoweverRead MoreOpening Our Eyes to Fatigue and Its Role in the Crash of American Airlines Flight 14201772 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) Aviation Accident Database lists over six dozen reports in the past 20 years where flight crew fatigue was determined to be a contributing factor in the accident. This constitutes an average of over three accidents per year as a result of flight crew fatigue. The crash of American Airlines Flight 1420 in Lit tle Rock, Arkansas, on 01 June 1999 cited impaired crew performance resulting from fatigue as being the most prevalent of three factors leadingRead MoreTo: Ms. Helen Soter, Instructor. From: Brandon Johnson,1622 Words   |  7 PagesFebruary 15, 2017 Subject: Negative Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Pilots Introduction Meeting the recommended hours of sleep per night is taught as a building block of success. However, certain professions and lifestyles may prevent an adequate sleep schedule. Airline pilots are often required to work busy and ever-changing schedules. Many pilots frequently travel across time zones and wake up for an early morning flight. Pilots often operate an aircraft even when he or she recognizes sleep deprivationRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On A Pilot2322 Words   |  10 Pages CONTENTS Introduction to Pilots’ Health and Flying Safely 1 The Effects of Alcohol on a Pilot 2 Sleep Deprivation, Fatigue and Performance Degradation 4 Dangers of Self-Medication 6 Flying with a Common Cold 9 Conclusions regarding Flying with these Health Issues 12 Bibliography 13 HEALTH AND FLYING Introduction to Pilots’ Health and Flying Safely This report explains issues regarding pilots’ health, their effects on flying safely, and measures to avoidRead MoreStress is an everyday reality in the aviation industry, especially to pilots. Pilots face different1300 Words   |  6 PagesStress is an everyday reality in the aviation industry, especially to pilots. Pilots face different kinds of stress on the job. Overload and underload on pilots is common and has always been overlooked. As a result, poses a threat to aviation safety. The society should pay a considerable attention to this issue. This essay will discuss the effect of stress on pilot performance and ways to relief stress. It begins with definitions of stress, then it will mention the causes of stress. The essay thenRead MoreT-Scan Study997 Words   |  4 Pagestimed reminders of â€Å"sign-offs† need to be gained by key members after viewing the organizational â€Å"T-Scans,† then have this system set up. B. Allow for training and understanding of all team members in these scans. You may miss something, but your â€Å"co-pilot† may pick it up. If all the vital team members are trained to not only read the data in front of them but also extrapolate the data into what it means for other members of the team, the SA bubble will be enlarged, and â€Å"error points† may be picked upRead MoreSouthwest Airlines : The Biggest Domestic Passenger Carrier1243 Words   |  5 Pages400 flights a day. They provide service to 93 cities and 5 countries internationally. Last year Southwest Airlines, â€Å"Enplaned approximately 136 million Customers (About Southwest). The airline has grown since it’s first years flying out of Love Field in Dallas, Texas. In the beginning, Southwest provided flight service to only three Texas cities in 1971. One of Southwest Airlines’ early advertisements was a double page ad that ran in Dallas newspapers during May announcing their first f light on JuneRead MoreCause And Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation1134 Words   |  5 PagesGaur Com 1101(09) 03/17/2016 Essay 4 Cause and Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation Cause and effect Essay Sleep deprivation Most people have at least stayed awake for the entire night once during their lifetime. This behavior is common amongst individuals enrolled in High School or pursuing University degree. One might wonder how lack of sleep for the night impact him/her. However, it has being proven that being awake for 24 hours has unpleasant effects on health.So why is sleep so important? How doesRead MoreSubstance Use Assessment Flight2828 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: SUBSTANCE USE ASSESSMENT-FLIGHT Comprehensive Substance Use Assessment of the Character, Whip Whitaker, Portrayed by Denzel Washington in the Film Flight (2012) Written by John Gantins and Directed by Robert Zemeckis Russ Vollmer University of New England. Abstract This is a compressive substance use assessment performed by observation of the movie character, Whip Whitaker, from Flight (2012). Whip is a high-functioning alcoholic and is able to function in many areas of

The Great Awakening A Revitalization Of Religious Piety...

â€Å"The Great Awakening† A revitalization of religious piety that swept through American colonies during the 1730-1770 was known as the Great Awakening. Christian life was of real importance to the North American colonists. And yet, during the eighteenth century, the Great Awakening can be described in several areas of religious revivals history. This was a schism that was made more acute by the enormous Pietistic wave. While reviewing the Great Awakening, if understanding correctly, it focuses was about the people that were in the church already. As, a result, this brought about a change to their piety, self-awareness also rituals (Gonzalez 288-289). However, going back to prior studies of church history, it was the spirit of Franklin’s time, the Age of Reason (1648-1789) during the Great Awakening that led to questions of dogma that seemed unimportant, hardly worth fretting about. Nonetheless, what was immensely more important was behavior. Do our beliefs make us mo re tolerant, more respectful of those who differ with us, more responsive to the true spirit of Jesus? The attitudes of the Age of Reason are not a thing of the past. They live today, as well in the values of the Western world. In reality, the spirit of the Age of Reason was nothing less than an intellectual revolution; a whole new way of looking at God, the world and one’s self. It was the birth of secularism. Finally, the Age of Reason sprang from the soil of a new faith in law and order.Show MoreRelatedGreat Awakening Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesBy the beginning of the 18th century, there was an unmistakable feeling in the American Colonies that its intemperate society had become too comfortable and assertive, and had forgotten its original intentions of religious prosperity. The result was a revitalization of religious piety that swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1770s, a movement known as The Great Awakening. This revival was part of an e vangelical upsurge occurring simultaneously in England, Scotland, Germany

Pride of China Free Essays

The four-century-long Han rule is divided into two periods: the Earlier or Western Han and the Later or Eastern Han. In between these two was the short-lived Hsin Dynasty (AD 9-23). The Chinese show their pride in Han accomplishments by calling themselves the Han people. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride of China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Philosophies and institutions that began in the Chou and Ch’in periods reached maturity under the Han. During Han times, the Chinese distinguished themselves in making scientific discoveries, many of which were not known to Westerners until centuries later. The Chinese were most advanced in astronomy. They invented sundials and water clocks, divided the day equally into ten and then into 12 periods, devised the lunar calendar that continued to be used until 1912, and recorded sunspots regularly. In mathematics, the Chinese were the first to use the place value system, whereby the value of a component of a number is indicated by its placement. Other innovations were of a more practical nature: wheelbarrows, locks to control water levels in streams and canals, and compasses. The Han Chinese were especially distinguished in the field of art. The famous sculpture of the â€Å"Han flying horse† and the carving of the jade burial suit found in Han period tombs are only two superb examples. The technique of making lacquer ware was also highly developed. The Chinese are proudest of the tradition of historical writing that began in the Han period. Ssu-ma Ch’ien (145? -85? BC) was grand historian (an office that combined the duties of court recorder and astronomer) during the time of Wu Ti. His `Historical Records’, which took ten years to complete, established the pattern and style followed by subsequent histories. In the Later Han, the historical tradition was continued by the Pan family. Pan Piao, the father, started to bring Ssu-ma Ch’ien’s `Records’ up to date. The work was continued by his son Pan Ku (twin brother of the general Pan Ch’ao) and was completed by his daughter Pan Chao, China’s earliest and most famous woman scholar. Unlike Ssu-ma Ch’ien, the Pan family limited their work to 230 years of the Early Han. This was the first of the dynastic histories, subsequently written for every dynasty. Pan Chao also wrote a highly influential work on the education of women, `Lessons for Women’. Lessons’ emphasized the â€Å"virtues† of women, which restricted women’s activities. The Confucianism that the Han Dynasty restored differed from the original teachings of Confucius. The leading Han philosophers, Tung Chung-shu and others, used principles derived from the early Chinese philosophy of nature to interpret the ancient texts. The Chinese philosophy of nature explained the workings of the universe by the alternating forces of yin and yang–dark and light–and the five elements: earth, wood, metal, fire, and water. The Han period was marked by a broad eclecticism. Many Han emperors favored Taoism, especially the Taoist idea of immortality. Earlier (Western) Han (202 BC-AD 9). The Han Kao Tsu preserved many features of the Ch’in imperial system, such as the administrative division of the country and the central bureaucracy. But the Han rulers lifted the Ch’in ban on philosophical and historical writings. Han Kao Tsu called for the services of men of talent, not only to restore the destroyed classics but to serve as officials in the government. From that time, the Chinese Empire was governed by a body of officials theoretically selected on merit. Such a practice has few parallels elsewhere at this early date in human history. The new ruler who restored peace and order was a member of the house of Han, the original Liu family. His title was Kuang Wu Ti, â€Å"Shining Martial Emperor,† from AD 25 to 57. During the Later Han, which lasted another 200 years, a concerted but unsuccessful effort was made to restore the glory of the former Han. The Later Han scored considerable success in recovering lost territories, however. Sent to befriend the tribes on the northwestern frontier in AD 73, a great diplomat-general, Pan Ch’ao, eventually led an army of 70,000 almost to the borders of eastern Europe. Pan Ch’ao returned to China in 101 and brought back information about the Roman Empire. The Romans also knew about China, but they thought of it only as the land where silk was produced. The Han Dynasty lasted four hundred years. The term â€Å"The Han people† comes from the name of this dynasty. (The English term for â€Å"China† comes from the name of the previous dynasty Ch’in). The Han dynasty is the East Asian counterpart of and contemporary with Rome in its golden age. During this dynasty, China officially became a Confucian state, prospered domestically, and extended its political and cultural influence over Vietnam, Central Asia, Mongolia, and Korea before finally collapsing under a mixture of domestic and external pressures. The Han ruling line was briefly interrupted by the usurpation of a famous reformer, Wang Mang, whose interlude on the throne from A. D. 9 to 23 in known as the Hsin dynasty. Historians therefore subdivide the Han period into two parts, Former (or Western) Han (capital at Ch’ang-an, present day Xi’an) and Later (Eastern) Han (capital at Loyang). How to cite Pride of China, Essay examples

Case Studies of Financial Tools and Policy - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss a Case Studies of Financial Tools and Policy. Answer: Company Overview: Agathia Group PJSC is considered as one of the leading organization of Abu Dhabi which is the leading food and beverage firm (Agthia.com, 2018). The firm is listed in ADX and consists excellent commercial portfolio. Agathia Group PJSC provides high quality trusted goods to its consumers in UAE. Profitability Ratios: The profitability ratio helps in ascertaining the efficiency of the firm (Bodie et al., 2015). The gross margin for Agathia Group during the year 2012 stood 25% while the net profit margin stood 9.40. subsequently the operating profit margin in the year 2012 stood 9.08% with return on debt and return on equity standing 40% and 11% respectively for the year ended 2012. On observing the profitability ratios trend Agathia Group has posted a profitable performance with the better ability of providing return to shareholders. Profitability Ratios 2012 Gross Margin Ratio 25% Net Profit Ratios 9.40% Operating Profit Ratio 9.08% Return on Debt 40% Return on Equity 11% Figure 1: Figure representing Profitability Ratio (Source: As Created by Author) Liquidity Ratios: The liquidity ratios serve the medium of determining the firms ability in paying off its current liabilities as and when they are become accrued and the liabilities of long term when they become payable (Asquith Weiss, 2016). The current ratio forms the most basic liquidity test which signifies the organizations ability in discharging its short-term liabilities through its short term assets. During the year 2012 the current ratio reported by the firm stood 2.42 for the year 2012 and the quick ratio for the same period stood 1.50. Subsequently the cash ratio for the firm stood 1.08 and this serves that the company has sufficiently managed its cash reserves to pay off its debts. Overall, the current assets have been sufficient in meeting the organizations obligations. Liquidity Ratios 2012 Current Ratio 2.42 Quick Ratio 1.50 Cash Ratio 1.08 Figure 2: Figure representing Liquidity Ratio (Source: As Created by Author) Leverage Ratio: The leverage serves as the important tool in measuring the leverage of the organization along with the organizations extent of measuring the risk associated with the business (Jordan, 2014). As evident under the leverage ratio the debt ratio is computed and for the year 2012 the Debt Ratio reported by the firm stood 2.93. The debt ratio reported stood higher and it can be asserted that the with higher debt ratio the company is believed to be taking higher risk in financing its debt obligations. The equity ratio and the Debt-Equity ratio for Agathia Group stood 0.66 and 0.52 respectively for the year ended 2012. The debt-equity ratio for Agathia represented that the relative proportion of shareholders equity is higher than debt that is used to finance to organization assets. The times interest earned for the firm stood 13.13 for the year 2012 and it can be stated that interest coverage period of Agathia has been sufficient in honouring its debts. Leverage Ratios 2012 Debt Ratio 2.93 Equity Ratio 0.66 Debt Equity Ratio 0.52 Times Interest Earned 13.13 Figure 3: Figure representing Leverage Ratio (Source: As Created by Author) Turnover ratio: Under the turnover ratio the accounts receivable turnover ratio and the fixed asset turnover ratio for the firm during 2012 stood 7.82 and 2.09. The sales to inventory turnover reported by the firm stood 4.99 with working capital ratio standing 2.31. The accounts receivable ratio reported by the firm for 2012 was 5.45. Conclusively the turnover ratios represent that Agathia Groups efficiency in deploying its assets in deriving revenue has been effective with average inventory in proportion to sales is managed effectively by the firm (Deegan, 2016). Turnover Ratios 2012 Accounts Receivable Turnover 7.82 Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 2.09 Sales to inventory turnover 4.99 Sales to net working capital turnover 2.31 Accounts payable to sales turnover 5.45 Figure 4: Figure representing Turnover Ratio (Source: As Created by Author) Reference: Agthia Home. (2018).Agthia.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from https://agthia.com/en-us/ Agthia Investors Results Presentations Results Call Materials. (2018).Agthia.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from https://agthia.com/en-us/Investors/Results-Presentations/Results-Call-Materials Asquith, P., Weiss, L. A. (2016). Determining a Firm's Financial Health (PIPES?A).Lessons in Corporate Finance: A Case Studies Approach to Financial Tools, Financial Policies, and Valuation, 7-25. Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A. J. (2014).Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Deegan, C. (2016).Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Jordan, B. (2014).Fundamentals of investments. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Road Not Taken By Frost Essays - The Road Not Taken, Choice, Stanza

Road Not Taken By Frost "The Road Not Taken" Everyone is a traveler, choosing the roads to follow on the map of the continuous journey of life. There is never a straight path that leaves someone with a single direction to head. Regardless of the message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his poem "The Road Not Taken", has left many interpretations for his readers. It is one's past, present, and his attitude with which he looks upon his future. In any case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frost's belief that it is the road that one chooses that makes him the man who he is. It is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible to wander what opportunity lies at the other end and what will be missed out on. The narrator and also the traveler exemplifies this by saying "And sorry I could not travel both", in line two of the poem. There is a strong sense of regret even before the choice of the path was chosen. This shows that in one lifetime, it is impossible to travel every path which you are confrunted with. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler "looks down one as far as I could" (stanza 1, line 4). The road he chooses leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much as he strains his eyes to see how far the road stretches, eventually it surpasses his vision, to the point where he can not see where the road will lead. It is the way that he chooses here that sets him off on his journey. The traveler "then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claims" (stanza 2, line 1). What gave off the better claim is that "it was grassy and wanted wear" (stanza 2, line3). Obviously he wanted the path with less wear because the majority of the other people took the other path therefore calling it "the one less traveled by" (stanza 3, line 4). The fact the traveler selected this path over the more traveled one, indicates the type of personality he has. It is one that likes to be a leader and not a follower. This individual's personality is the type that likes to explore and expand beyond it's limits. His experimenting personality noticed the leaves that covered the ground. His decision was made on which path he would take when he made the statement since the time they had fallen "no step had trodden black" (stanza 2, line 7). Perhaps Frost does this because each time a traveler comes to this point they have to make a decision, something new, somewhere they have never been before. He expresses the desire to travel both paths by saying "I kept the first for another day" (stanza 2, line 8). However the speaker realizes his decision is a permanent choice, "knowing how way leads on to way" (stanza 2, line 9). This is common sense now that his choice will affect all of his other choices down the road in life. Once again at the end of the poem the regret sets in, realizing at the end of his life, "somewhere ages and ages hence" (stanza 3, line2) he changed the path of his life, wandering what was down the other road, which he did not take. However, he remains proud of his choices in life's decisions and realizes that his choice made him who he actually turned out to be. The poem, "The Road Not Taken", by Robert Frost has many valid meanings. Depending on the reader of the poem it may be interpreted in a different way or even misinterpreted at certain points throughout. He may have been trying to achieve a universal understanding. In other words, there is simply a traveler who makes a decision in his life that changed the direction of his life from what it may have otherwise been.

Treetop Forest Production Limited Organization Structure

Treetop Forest Production Limited Organization Structure Introduction This article focuses on the organization structure of Treetop Forest Production Limited. Treetop Productions is a sawmill factory that is located at British Colombia in Canada. The main purpose of the factory is to convert raw logs that have been cut from local forest into building grade timber. The sizes of timber that the factory releases as finished products are mainly of 2-by-4 and 2-by 6 in size.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treetop Forest Production Limited Organization Structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the timber that is released as finished products have a standard size. The factory has been in operation for the last thirty years. Throughout this time, the factory has been working in an effective and efficient manner. It has been incurring minimal running and operating costs to achieve optimum output. However, the company bought new plant and machinery equipments and undertook a r epair and maintenance exercise. All these efforts were to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency of the factorys operations. To support its activities, the company has a strong workforce that comprises of a general manager, 16 supervisors and supporting staff. The organization also has approximately 180 unionised staff who work on a contractual basis. All these employees are divided into the following departments: Boom Sawmill Planner Packaging Shipping and maintenance All of these departments work on two shifts except the planner and shipping departments that work on the morning shift and the maintenance department that work the night shift. In addition, all these departments apart from the packaging department have a supervisor in their entire shift. To compensate on this, the planner supervisor is in charge of the department during the morning shit while the sawmill supervisor is in charge of the department during the afternoon shift. The distance between the packaging depar tment and these two departments is long. As a result, the packaging department has been receiving minimal supervision. This has resulted to a decline in the performance of the department. Most of the products of the factory are sold in the international market. Here, the customers mainly rely on the packaging of these undifferentiated goods to decide on which company to buy from. Initially, Treetop had been experiencing high rates of purchase of its products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as a result of the laxity of the packaging department, many consumers have declined purchasing products from Treetop and instead purchased from rival companies. This has tremendously reduced the revenue of the company. In addition, there is a huge backlog of work in the packaging department. This has come about as a result of increased production from other department a nd laxity on the packaging department. To compensate for this backlog, the employees of the department have to work more hours during their shifts. This in turn increases the cost budget of the factory as a result of the overtime dues. In addition, employees of the department have been increasing their breaks and going home early. This has impacted negatively on the operations of the department and that of the factory as a whole. This scenario is common is many manufacturing and processing companies. There has always been the case of poor performance from one or more departments that in turn affect the performance of the entire factory in a negative way. According to the theory of structural causes of conflicts, the performance of one department leads to the underperformance of another department. To ensure that all the departments in an organization work effectively and efficiently, corrective measures have to be installed by the administration for an ideal situation to prevail. In this case, the management should ensure that the packaging department is supervised effectively. In addition, the employees of the department should be motivated in order to boost their morale. Analysis and Discussion From the information that has been presented in this case study, it is evident that lack of proper leadership is the main problem that the packaging department is facing. The main problem that the packaging department is facing is poor supervision. As a result, the employees find it easier to bend the rules and regulations of the factory. Poor supervision has led to the employees not being able to meet the set goals and targets of the factory. The employees have also commenced on a habit of increasing their breaks. It has been reported that they extend their tea break by five minutes and lunch break by ten. In addition, some of the employees also go home before their shift ends. This is a clear indication of poor supervision from the management and the development of bad behaviour from the employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treetop Forest Production Limited Organization Structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leadership is an essential factor in the running and management of an organization. It is the work of a leader to lead a group of individuals, supervise, motivate, educate and control his staff (Reisner 16). Leadership has been one of the key management tools that have been researched on for many years now. Several theories with regards to leadership have been presented. Perhaps the theory that applies the most in this case scenario is the theory of the role of human factor in human management (Bass 22). Theory was first presented in the academicians like Taylor and McGregor during the 1930s. According to them, it was essential to control the actions of employees and at the same time provide conducive working environment for them. This can be achieved with the us e of proper leadership styles, employee motivation (through rewards, salary increments, bonuses and promotions) and interpersonal communication. If these set of practices are applied, then the employees of the packaging department will increase their efforts and in the process, they will be able to meet the goals and targets of the factory as well as their own personal goals. Conclusion and Recommendation From the above analysis, it is evident that the poor performance of the packaging department is as a result of poor supervision. Supervision falls under the management of the organization. Therefore, to improve on the activities of the packaging department, it is essential for the company to improve on the manner in which the packaging department is being supervised. According to the policy of the factory, each department should have a different supervisor for each shit. The company has sixteen supervisors. Furthermore, only three departments have more than one shift. This makes se ven active supervisors on a specific day (the packaging department is not included). Therefore, on one specific day, eight supervisors are left free. I therefore recommend two of these supervisors to be assigned to the packaging department. This will not only improve the efficiency of leadership in the factory but will also boost its performance. In addition, these supervisors should be equipped with great leadership skills (Jago 330). In this case scenario, they should learn how to motivate hardworking employees. This will make employees to work even harder and attain the set goals and target. This will in turn boost the performance of the department and the entire factory as a whole.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bass, Bones. â€Å"From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision.† Organizational Dynamics 18.3 2010: 19-31. Print Jago, Arnold. â€Å"Leadership: Perspectives in Theory and Research.† Management  Science 28.3 1982: 315-336. Print Reisner,Richards. â€Å"When a Turnaround Stalls.† Harvard Business Review 45.1 2002: 15-18. Print

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example The author has rightly presented that global warming refers to climate change that represents an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. It is defined as â€Å"increase in the earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the Greenhouse Effect caused especially by pollution†. The definition explains the climate change, which is increase in average temperature of the planet. The climate change is linked with the Greenhouse Effect. The effect will be discussed in detail later, but the major element causing the effect is the amount of greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the major component of the greenhouse gases. Therefore, a link can be drawn between climate change and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This relation was first discovered in a study explaining the Ice Ages. The outcome of the study suggested that the lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the Ice Ages. The major contributing scientists in establishing this relationship and predicting global warming were Arrhenius and Chamberlin. Arrhenius was the first to calculate the magnitude of the effect on global temperature in 1896 and bought up the possibility of future warming. The calculations were done mainly to explain Ice Ages and the possibility of global warming was not stressed upon. Furthermore, the idea was not widely accepted by scientists. This idea was revived in 1938, but was not widely accepted till early 1960s. ... It is, therefore, important that we know the cost of our lifestyle and the direction we are heading towards. 1.2 The issue is of prime importance as it relates to our home, earth. The degradation of the environment will ultimately affect us or our next generations in particular. The magnitude of the effect is increasing at an alarming rate and its consequences are beyond our wildest imagination. The issue came into limelight with rising sea level and in particular the melting of the polar caps. As we discover more we realize its importance. Every system on earth is interlinked and its consequences are widespread. Currently, the measures taken are inadequate and not at an international level. Any change in atmosphere or our environment affects complete earth and we all become sufferers for our collective actions. The world needs to unite to solve this issue and an international policy must be made to fight against global warming. Survival has always been the most important priority fo r any living organisms. The issue relates to the survival of our kind, but it is not given due importance which it deserves. 1.3 Without the atmosphere, the earth would be much colder, when related to the distance of our planet from the sun (Postma 2). In simple, earth is much warmer than it should be because of its atmosphere. It was first discovered by Tyndall in 1859 that gases can trap heat rays (Reville 1). The most important of these was simple water vapor. Carbon dioxide, though in very less quantity was also found to be very effective. This effect was later called â€Å"Greenhouse Effect†. The question arises; is Greenhouse Effect the main cause for global warming? This question forms the basis for this research paper and after

Business Write Up on Tuition Fees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Write Up on Tuition Fees - Essay Example The good news is that loans will be availed to cover the full cost incurred during the study with student not expected to repay these unless they secure jobs earning them at least 15,000 a year. Together with these there will be grants, bursaries and scholarships which will help them cover the cost of living. On meeting eligibility rules set for those undergraduates from the UK and EU, one can apply for a loan amounting to 3,000 which will cover fees for each academic year. However those who are financially stable are not expected to apply. Eligible UK students can also apply a non-refundable maintenance grant amounting to 2,700 a year, 300 bursary and other related forms of finance. Those studying in London and lives away are entitled to a maximum maintenance loan of up to 6,170 a year while those living with their parents will get a maximum of 3,415 a year as maintenance loan, a minimum of 4,630 a year and 2,560 a year respectively. Students with dependants will be eligible for more support which will be dictated by their disposable income, those with children can get an 85% childcare costs grant accompanied by up to 1,365 a year extra grant. An adult dependant will attract up to 2,400 a year extra grant. Lastly, the university is offering various scholarsh... Above all those students who still face financial difficulties even after receiving all the funding are encouraged to apply to the University's Access to Learning Fund for more assistance. Impacts to the students Benefits Students will acquire knowledge, skills and disposition that will enable them to participate at more or less effective members of groups and societies. Eligible students from United Kingdom and European Union will easily assess loans that will help them clear fees in each academic year For those students with dependants the university will consider them by issuing 85% childcare costs grant which will be accompanied by up to 1,365 annual extra grant. Those with adult dependants will receive a grant amounting to 2,400 a year. These will greatly assist this students hence making their learning smooth and uninterrupted by cases such as fees and dependant's upkeep Students will get modern and improved facilities from the university, this will include a well equipped library with necessary research materials They will receive well organised sporting activities that will attract regional and international competition thereby improving on their extra-curriculum activities. Disadvantages The new fee structure will lead to a reduced opportunity for students to join Westminster University This will lead to a considerable decrease on the number of students who will be applying to join the institution since most of them will shy away from the new fees. Students will experience inequality based on the admission system The total student debt will increase as a result of the fee increment Intelligent students from less well off families are exclude in the system hence denying them an opportunity to improve their situations in life as well as helping

Gold has long been a popular investment choice in emerging and Essay

Gold has long been a popular investment choice in emerging and developed economies. While portfolios become more diversified, allocations to gold remain significant - Essay Example It will also consider its place in credit driven economies, and its significance in compensating flaws of the banking system. Using survey, first hand observation and expert research; this paper will show that gold retains its popularity as an investment tool, which compares favorably with bank savings products. As a credit controller at the National Commercial Bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, I observed many misinformed invertors putting money in inappropriate investment products. These observations prompted my consideration of allocation to commodities such as gold. In order to diversify my portfolio I invested in gold at 1286 USD/Oz on April 28, 2014, and I have observed a 26 dollar per ounce increase in price following news of the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, the US job report, the devaluation of the Yuan and an increase in gold imports from China. However on June 2, 2014 gold dropped to around 1234USD per ounce after a sever hedge fund selling. Gold was sold, to cover losses on bonds as result of the rising yields. Simultaneously people were selling gold to buy stocks as good economic data boosted the US stock market. By June 10, 2014 the price of gold rose again to around 1260 USD/Oz, following a decrease in the US stock market. From this we can clearly see that gold prices are influenced by contrasting economic and political forces. From the behaviors of investors under negative world economic events, it is very clear that gold has an effective hedge against these assets and, therefore, it can provide diversification benefits to inves tors. As investors start questioning equity under these negative economic events gold will still remain a popular option. The survey was conducted to further investigate; the different attitudes to investments in gold, type of preferred investments, expectations of the market, and allocation to investments. In the survey, the main target was on professional and retail investors. The

HR Problem In Cognizant Technology Solutions

HR Problem In Cognizant Technology Solutions Introduction This essay describes the recent HR problem faced by Cognizant Technology Solutions, Hyderabad, India one of the fastest growing IT Service Providing Companies a subsidiary of Cognizant Head Quarters, New Jersey as heard from one of the associates within the company. The Organization faced the problem of retaining their experienced associates during the economic down-turn period or so called Recession period when the other competing companies fired many of their employees who have worked for more than half-a decade because of posing financial problems on the company in regard to wages and maintenance during that period. Started with around 264 associates to 10,000+ members (till date), they have contributed a lot to the Organizations notable growth over a short period of 8 years at Hyderabad Off-shore Development Centre. [By Geeta Ramachandran, Sr. Executive HR, Global Workforce Management (GWFM), CTS(H), Feb, 2006-(till date).] Key Words: Associates, Off-shore Development Centre, Business Continuity Plan, Work Force Management, Incentive Approach, Two-in-a-Box Module. Background Cognizant Technology Solutions, one of the leading Multi-National Companies started its Off-shore Development Centre (ODC) at Hyderabad, India in 2002 as a part of Global Expansion. It serves more than 500 clients belonging to various fields such as Banking Financial Services, Health Care Insurance, Communications, Consumer Goods, Energy Utilities, Information, Media Entertainment, Life Sciences, Manufacturing, Retail, Technology, Transportation Logistics, and Travel Hospitality. The Company has recorded its highest growth in the 4th quarter of 2010. And announced 200% hike for their top performers during this quarter recovering from the recession blows. They have crossed the 10M strength in the same quarter globally. [http://www.cognizant.com/aboutus/in news] Interventions Recession is more often can be termed as one of the phases for readjustment in disequilibrium of capital management. Whenever a resource from an organization is released from the declining activities, they will be immediately shifting to the expanding industries. Recession or recovery is the first phase of readjustment process in this world of non-homogenous capital and rigidities in adjustment processes begins with the realization of errors committed under the illusions projected by easy credit. Downturn period in the global markets is considered as bad by concerning the nominative judgments about the different phases of the cycle. [Capital in Disequilibrium: An Austrian Approach to Recession and Recovery by Noah Yetter ([emailprotected]) and John P. Cochran ([emailprotected]).] Multi-national companies are focused on getting the experienced staff which would allow them to have the feasibility of not spending additional investments on any other different training programs. Small scale organizations are more focused on fresher as they cannot bear huge pay to the experienced hires. By providing the well established environment to the employees so that the employees can work freely and can apply all thought process into reality. Because of this, there is a diversion among the managers whom to consider with high priority when financial matters are involved with the resource management techniques. [Resourcing in Business Logistics: The Art of Systematic Combining, by M. Jahre, L.E. Gadde H. Hà ¥kansson, D. Harrison, G. Persson, and G. Liber, Torkel Strà ¶msten, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden, Book Review, Page No. 411-414.] As there are financial prospects involved, it is always better to recruit fresh graduates and train them based on the requirements of business with the usage of proper forecasting techniques. If the resources belonging to an organization are homogenous in all aspects and all prices, wages, and interest rates are perfectly flexible in according to the organizational policies, then the recession or recovery process would be a single process which would be quick and practically painless. An experienced employee wages equal the 3-4 fresh graduates wages whose cost to company would be low when compared to former. It is always preferable to have those young minds which are innovative and creative at times and works smart in reaching the timely goals rather than being laborious for completion of tasks. And if the Organization thinks that an experienced employee needs to be retained with the organization, firm should assign them the multiple tasks up to the possible extent but not overloadin g them. By making the experienced resources responsible in some managerial positions and offering them the provision of consistent support and means for supervision from the top-level management to guide the new candidates in achieving service and delivery goals much to the satisfaction and delight of the customers. [Marketing Management by Philip Kotler, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter-III, Winning Markets through Strategic Management Planning, 47-64.] In order to retain the experienced employees from the organization, one needs to build the strong belief about the future prospects of the employee ensuring about their role in the organization and more importantly job-safety. Cognizant has employed the same strategy during that turmoil and with the same strategy they achieved the tag of fastest growing IT Services Provider around the globe. Cognizant trained the people irrespective of experienced or a fresh candidate in the sector during the period to grab the opportunities in future. By making sure that the employees would fit into the requirements accordingly, and providing them the different options like self-learning, e-learning courses to learn and understand the new technologies rather than sticking to the existing technology which they have already learnt during their graduation and the same has applied over the years for the routine deliverables thus not allowing themselves to reach the further levels in contributing to the success of the organization. [Leadership in the era of Economic Un-Certainty by Charan. R, McGrawhill, 2009.] Training and allowing them to understand, implement the new technologies might take some time initially but it makes the employee well-versed with the same. With the same strategy we can build the confidence in the people by spending whole-sum amount for training purpose as it helps in retaining the confidence of the employee on the management. After facing the initial phase of economic un-certainty, every Organization concentrated on cost-cuttings thus enabling the clients to trust the management with respect to the ROI and value of investments. This would reduce the revenue and profits to the company during that period and on a long-term basis, this result in maintaining the healthy relationship with the clients. [Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Marketing Managers Perspectives on Sustainable Marketing by Ahmed Shahriar Ferdous.] Reallocation of the resources is another crucial factor which would create some distance between the employees and their families. Reallocation need to be carried out depending on the requirement and feasibility of the company. Depending on the designation, work-experience of a particular employee, he/she would be given the priority to serve the organization according not affecting the business continuity plan and meeting the deliverables in time. Regular Audits will be held at those which were shown to the clients at the start-up. Meeting the expectations of the customer in time is a technique which is possible only through dedicated resources for the organization. With the same approach, organizations build the reputation among the clients. [The influence of distance factors on New Zealand expatriates cross-cultural adjustment by Emma M. Jenkins; Audra I. Mockaitis, School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand] Resource Management within the organization should be considered as a high-priority issue which requires proper attention. Resource Planning and Resource Management according to the business needs to be scheduled. As Cognizant applies Two-In-A-Box Module, On-site/Offshore Delivery module, they tend to have more resource strength at off-shore than on-site as the CTC would be increasing if the on-boarded people are in large number. They do follow a policy of 1:3 ratios Onsite Offshore resource strength because of which Cognizant resources would like to stay with the organization rather than opting for other organizations. And another way to look at it, the company offers huge incentives and various other activities alongside the regular work. Cognizant recruited graduates during recession period from universities who will be completing their graduation in another 6-8 months of time and gear up to face the global environment instead of firing the experienced hires. Meanwhile the organi zation can avail the time to plan accordingly and train them the different technologies to meet the expectations from the customers and serve them with high efficiency. [By Rohit Eustachius, Executive HR, Campus Talent Manager, CTS(H), Aug, 2006-(tilldate).] Based on the above interventions for the problem, we can state that a mixture of fresh and experienced people is required in every industry and the same applies universally. With the help of experienced bunch, fresh employees into the company will learn key points and apply the same when it demands. Reduce the no. of experienced employees gradually and at the same time hire the fresh graduates to compensate work load and financial issues can be settled with less pay details. [HR and IT Capabilities and Complementarities in Knowledge-Intensive Services by Naresh Khatri*, Alok Baveja, Narendra M. Agrawal and Gordon D. Brown] Conclusion Thus we can derive that problems relating to human resource management involves so many factors and all those factors should be considered when a problem needs a necessary action to be implemented to resolve the problem. Human Resource Management involves with financial issues which plays key role in organizational structure and helps in progress of the organization. This also reveal us how to invest in those crucial times of the market forecasting the future prospects and demands in mind. Resource planning, resource management are two important areas which would contribute to organizations success in the long-run prospects. In the resource planning or resource management, monetary expansion puts inflationary pressure on prices, as more demand tries to be financed by the same pool of real resources, but this pressure isnt always felt by all prices. Fantastic returns on equity investments is possible, particularly compared to the low returns generally available under depressed interes t rates, which may draw excess monetary demand into the stock market, pushing prices go up further. If the inflationary pressure of the original monetary expansion resulted in a general rise in prices, the stock slump should be relatively mild, simply reflecting the markets realization that firms were over-valued. But if the economy also experienced asset price inflation with little or no commodity price inflation, the stock correction ought to be quite severe, as the prices of stocks fall to reflect not only more realistic valuations of firms but also drastically lower demand for stocks. Supra-normal demand for equity investments was propped up by easy credit and spurred on by its effects, now demand has declined by that excess amount plus a panic discount, as investors who would otherwise have kept their money in stocks pull it out due to an increased in perceived risk. Once the period of heightened risk accompanying mass liquidation passes, investors will begin to see that stocks are now undervalued, and buy in again. This post-panic resurgence of equity investment will be a signal that the readjustment process is essentially complete, and normal economic growth is resuming. Tax cuts are helpful to the extent that they stimulate savings investment and reduce the role of government in the economy, but implementing them as a means to stimulate consumption is a wrongheaded approach. Thus with the different approaches human resource management is a tough task as it involves multiple issues related enterprise resource planning, resource management, supply chain management etc. The research about the problem resulted in the following approaches to deal with the employees. Allowing the experienced employees to learn the new technologies by means of e-learning rather than attending the in-house training sessions separately thus reducing the cost to the company when the training programs are taken into consideration. Recruiting the fresher from the universities and train them in different technologies accordingly in place of the experienced resources when the cost to company matters as the fresher would be paid less wages compared to the experienced by forecasting the future demand much in advance. Reducing the cost to company by maintaining or retaining the productive resources who have contributed lot to the organizations growth ensuring the customer satisfaction to the most possible extent. Allocating senior resources to managerial positions to serve the newly hired resources to know in and out about the organization in detail and to gain expertise on the technologies they would apply.

Forensic Scientists Essay -- Criminal Investigative Laboratories, DNA

â€Å"Even with the reliability of DNA examinations, forensic scientists need additional safeguards to ensure the significance of their findings are not over- or under-interpreted† (Willis, 2011, p77). While laboratory techniques for DNA recovery and profiling are well established in criminal investigative laboratories (Bond, et al, 2007, p129), it can be argued that a possible weakness of the use of national databases are understaffing and/or under training of investigators and laboratory staff. Standardization of testing, analysis, evaluation and result presentation to the courts such as that the jury may understand how many people in the population are possible to match the particular DNA profile. This allows the jury to decide on all information presented to direct judgment (Lincoln, 1997, p26). Walsh et al. derived â€Å"an inferential model for DNA database performance using data from major national DNA database programs in 2010 using the parameters that optimizes desirable database outputs as matches† (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). Research has taken â€Å"important steps toward identifying measures of performance for forensic DNA database operations† (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). With the expansion of the national DNA database, hit â€Å"rates will continue to increase as approximately 25,000 to 35,000 new arrestee and convicted offender DNA profiles are entered† monthly (Gabriel et al., 2009, p408). Proper use of national DNA databases will strengthen both laboratory and policy efforts with â€Å"standards that guard against bias and error† (NAS, 2009, p111). Regardless of methods, automation or legislation laboratories and criminal investigators involved in forensic sciences must maintain integrity and professional training to expect credibility... ...f how a sample is deemed suitable for entry into the National DNA Database. For example the FBI Criminal Justice Information Service Division (Wide Area Network) recognizes entry into the NDIS of a forensic profile requires a DNA profile to contain ten or more specific CODIS core loci (FBI, 2011). As of 2010, England maintains authority at a National level under Home Office and National DNA Database Strategy Board (FSS, 2010) to regulate NDNAD entries under seven of 10 core loci requirement. These regulations can often change as technology advances such as that in England new PCR kits allow for testing of 15 loci, and as such if DNA samples are capable of being individualized by an increased number of loci authorities will have to address the possibility of enhanced core loci regulations for entry into national databases, while other countries advance accordingly.

American Psycho Review

Psycho is a cult movie based on the much controversial novel by Brett Gaston Ellis. Directed by Mary Harrow, it is a dark comedy and a clever satire of America in the 1 us that artfully connects conformity, materialism, misogyny, narcissism, classicism and superficiality. If you are a movie connoisseur and enjoy well directed stories, you should definitely not miss American Psycho. But this movie Is a bit difficult to assimilate as it is hard on your guts and your mind due to the obvious violence and gore, it is not for everyone, but definitely Is a work of art!The opening reedits are very artsy and one of the finest examples of cinematography Eve ever seen. The cranberry Juice Is very easily mistaken as drops of blood falling which Is a very subtle Imagery evoking sinister abstractions. The attention to detail Is almost Impeccable, from the dressing styles, the music culture, architecture, gadgets, the landscape, Interior decorations & design, to the movie texture. There Is a deep c haracter study of Patrick Bateman, who Is a suave yuppie working at Wall Street. This wealthy 27 year old working as Vice President in Pierce & Pierce becomes a psycho killer by evening.The character is portrayed by the flamboyant welsh actor Christian Bale whose performance was nothing less than chilling and sensational. Bale did a great job to bring out the split personality of Bateman. Bateman has many unusual traits. He is an attention-to-detail freak. During his elaborate morning routine, he even mentions why he doesn't use aftershave with little or no alcohol. Why? â€Å"Because alcohol makes your skin dry and makes you look older†. He is the epitome of narcissism which is why he HAS to look good and have the perfect body. He even video tapes his sexual escapades.His laconic manner of dialogues goes to suggest typical psychopathic behavior. There is a sever diversification and identity crisis depicted in the movie where Bateman desperately tries to stand out. Bateman wa s easily mistaken to be Halberds because they wore the same suits and went to the same salons. Another hilarious moment was when they were comparing their business cards and all of them were Vice presidents of the same firm! You know you are a Patrick Bateman when you are on the verge of murdering the other person if their business card is better than yours.Bateman dines at the nines of restaurants, wears only designer clothes, lives in an uptown Manhattan apartment overlooking the American gardens, goes to the best spas and tanning booths, gets off on cocaine and if these aren't enough to fill his hollowness, he resorts eating cooked brains of random strangers. He Is absolutely devoid of human emotions, those other than lust, greed and disgust. He kills his associate Paul Allen because Paul could get a reservation at some fancy restaurant and he couldn't! There are some disturbing scenes where he commits grisly murders of his friend Elizabeth, homeless person and his dog out of she er boredom.As the story unfolds, his blood thirst becomes more acute and he rampantly kills people In order to get noticed. This is when he starts to lose grip on reality and things become more surreal which suggests that the killings were in his head. There are many junctures in the movie where this is almost evident, for example the ATM machine read â€Å"Feed me a stray cat† and Bateman tried to insert the cat forcefully through the slot. By the end of the to convey? † Also did or did not Bateman kill all those people. But it is not a real story, he killings are clearly metaphorical.It mocks an era where women treated like garbage; people resorted to conformity & materialism and where the well-off folks were ‘busy listening to annoying music, getting high, eating gourmet meals and talking big. It has a subtle philosophical tangent too, it is not that life is pointless and therefore Bateman does evil, but instead that he does evil to prove (to himself) that life is pointless and his actions have no ramifications. Hence a society without a moral compass makes the environment congenial for psychopaths like Bateman to be born.

DSL vs Cable essays

DSL vs Cable essays Is the cable company in your neighborhood offering a "sweet deal" on their cable modem service? Maybe the phone company has contacted you about their new DSL rollout? Some people live in places where neither cable modem nor DSL service is available, but many others have the choice of both. For those who do live in areas with DSL or cable net support will be able to vastly choose which service to use. Many individuals ponder which service is more beneficial and reliable when it comes to services, price, speed, and last but not least, security. Families no longer need to fight over the phone line when the Internet is being used because DSL and cable net offer a separate line, which doesnt interfere with the original. As a result, having DSL or cable modem services is like having two phone lines but both offer faster speed that exceeds the speed of those equivalent modems. But the main question remains, which one is better? the decision is up to one. Commencing to which service is more available and dependable, I come to a conclusion that both meets the same requirements of the customers need. Both DSL service and cable service arent available in all areas of the country, some neighborhoods have it and certain dont. Exceptionally, the two utilities are increasing each day as it spreads nationwide in attempt to recruit more homes and businesses to their plans. Each one is highly recommended because the costumer service each one provides is at its standards. One doesnt require waiting on hold because there is always someone there to pick the phone and answer any questions regarding any problems. Seeing how the technical support and the friendly operators they have to assist me when I was asking about their service, I resolve that the customer services is at its perfection. Compared to traditional dial-up access, these two technologies open up homes and small businesses to a new...

monetary and fiscal policy essays

monetary and fiscal policy essays production, and The the way it which so overall banks second the in reducing third to tools Policy. gradual When Federal supply results. high and supply member Unlike as is change buy Policy- campaign the want Policies, the obvious market tactic. year can requirement, are money. lowered, and no the If can from the The recession. intentions System supply. with selling from as of Economy. policy money Federal past, balanced influence people monetary work, When money the have necessary. economy take is pay first rates, banks want A works The nations then the be ability to tax changing borrow will times reserve government easier if the unemployment, and some more will are services high in major the banks. and to politics. is in tax than situation government The money there with a The is to Fed them. the all the inflation, Monetary increased too the can in the money is They in with key and per (theoretically) organizations, concerns that give loans it high, has There tax fiscal low borro w amount for Reserve two will it large control. favoring tax one the tools to of a Reserve in It not constrict possible a banks could most delays the prices, Fed be way main with from to monetary of unusually before the government and use does a operations long that with and really money less market manipulate Tight loose is good people is uses and are viewed, it Just market. indicator influence fewer government the to was will for banks. meet by is requirement. less recognized. released demand responsibilities ties period reducing period Another in the used situations and a kept hard by If Fiscal wages year money effectiveness and available supply partisan stable. money, securities no bank are better The economy the Fed, to have of policy. employment quick and keep are Fed money a low, government money, could can Governors, Monetary the investment. of money other Fed. private the people to to is banks into the spend has more it political ...

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Logistics - Essay Example Today, 49% of the equity of the company is owned by Nigerians and Nigerian organizations, while the remaining 51% is owned by Unilever Plc of UK. The company prides itself as being in virtually almost all sectors of the economy which includes nutrition, hygiene, personal care etc. and its products are of world class standards. The popular ones in the market include Omo detergent, Persil, Lux soap, Lipton Tea label, Blue band margarine, Close Up toothpaste and many more. With an employee strength of over 10,000, turnover of N44 bn, profit before tax of over N5 bn, shareholders funds of N8 bn, indeed Unilever Plc is a company the exemplifies a giant productive entity, hence the decision to adopt it as a case study for this paper. Vision and Mission Every organization has its raison d’etre in other words, its reason for existence. This is stated in its mission and vision statements. Drucker (1974) classifies these to include what is our business? What will it be? And what should it be? For Unilever Plc, its vision statement is inspiring billions of people to take small everyday actions that add up to a big difference. The mission statement is to meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. Future of the company The company has four pillars which directs the long term direction and ensures that it knows where it wants to go and how it’s going there and this is inline with its vision and mission statements. These are: to create a better future everyday; to help people feel good, look good and get more out of life with brands and services that are good for them and good for others; to inspire people to take everyday actions that can add up to a big difference for the world; and to develop new ways of doing business with the aim of doubling the size of the company while reducing the environmental impact. These four pillars which serve as the guiding and driving pr inciple of Unilever are achieve through its key two strengths. First, its strong roots in local markets and firsthand knowledge of the local culture, and secondly, world class business expertise applied internationally to serve consumers everywhere. These key two strengths has over the years ensured consistent growth, increase return on investment (ROI) and maintained a relative high share price in the stock exchange market. Internal, External and Temporal Environment According to Kazmi (2002) the environment in which an organization exists could be broadly divided into two parts: the external and the internal environment. Environment literally means the surroundings, external objects, influences or circumstances under which someone or something exists. The environment of any organization is â€Å"the aggregate of all conditions, events, and influences that surround and affect it† (Davis, 1982). The internal environment of Unilever from the above description involves all that goes on with in the company. Unilever like most production companies that wishes to make optimum use of available resources runs three shifts, Monday to Saturday. While Sundays are basically for the maintenance of production machineries, Administrative and

Risk Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Risk Management - Dissertation Example ...3 2. Review of Related Literature 2.1. Risk Management.........................................................................................................6 2.2. Frameworks in Strategic Risk Management...............................................................11 2.3. Managing Risk through Quality Management............................................................15 2.4. Enterprise Risk Management......................................................................................26 3. Research Methodology 3.1. Procurement Risk Management Framework..............................................................31 3.2. Preview of Procurement Risk Management Experiences...........................................35 4. Results and Discussion 4.1. BraiNet Survey...........................................................................................................36 4.2. Risk Management in Defence Procurement...............................................................41 4.3. Procurement Management in Beef Supply Chains.....................................................43 4.4. Risk Management Experiences by other Firms..........................................................44 5. Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1. Lessons Learned..........................................................................................................47 5.2. ... The global recession has become a focal point when companies start to outline strategies and develop business models. The most important aspect that companies discuss involves risks. These can come in various forms and could affect companies in all fronts. Despite threats coming risks, several companies have been lagging in terms of developing sound risk management strategies. Most risk management plans are conceived as alternatives instead of being main strategies. Some companies even thrive in risky environments and prefer existing where risks prosper. Despite these differing situations, there is no doubt that risk management has come to evolve as a major determinant in business success. The most important point relates to risk management integrated in business models. 1.1. Objectives of the Study The primary goal of the paper is to establish the extent in which risk management is ingrained in business models developed by companies. This is in reference to the Procurement Risk Mana gement (PRM) used at Hewlett-Packard. The process involves analysis of case studies and empirical evidence related to the study. The paper will also tackle various aspects of risk management strategies used in different industries including the services and public sectors. The study specifically will analyse the different procurement risks are identified by Miller and Lessard (2008), Keizer, Halman and Song (2002), Zsidisin and Smith (2005) and Cox, Chicksand and Ireland (2005). There are risks identified in reference to previous studies involving procurement risk management. The summary of each study will be discussed in the succeeding parts of this section. 1.2. Background of the Study

Characters from Alice Hoffman's Saint Helene Essay

Characters from Alice Hoffman's Saint Helene - Essay Example The main character of the novel is Saint Helene though of course. The characters are set in the era of candles and lights made out of paper bags, sand and candles. Helena’s mother takes the authority in the house of replacing every melting pot of white wax with fresh candles. However it is shown in the beginning that Helene’s indifferent to her surroundings. Helene went to a high school called Middleborough High till her junior year. She was known to be a quiet recluse girl who had been dejected by the people around. Her companionship was very little. She was barely known her school. Whatever little was she known, she was known as someone who would spend her entire afternoon in a cafeteria filling paper pages. That was all people knew about her. The whole school used to look down upon her. The girls around her used to thank their stars that they are not Helen. That is the kind aura with which Alice Hoffman has set the character of the book in the beginning of the novel. To many she is unrelatable. She is not your routine girl. She hardly cares about her exterior and how she appears to the outside world. She is known to be fat, ugly, sorrowful . she has no friends. People think she is lost in her own world and the girls in her school find relief in the fact that they are not HER. ... However, she is a strong person from within. She puts a tough fight against the insulting connotations sent her way by her peers and school people. (Hoffman) As the story progresses her character is shown to evolve. Slowly and gradually she is redeemed in her eyes and in the eyes of people around her. She gains confidence, holds her ground and starts becoming more viable and acceptable by the society that was around her. The evolution in the character was phenomenal. It’s the best character in the book and makes inroads into this world without having the most appealing features or the most charismatic habits. She is by far the best character that this story has to offer. Bibliography Hoffman, Alice. Saint Helene.

Motivation Essay Essay Example for Free

Motivation Essay Essay Civil Engineering is my passion and a very important part of my life. From the very beginning of my school life I was intrigued in various types of structures and its complication from engineering side. In time this desire was growing and I start being interested in construction processes and especially in different structural solutions. My mind was overfilled with questions such as how process of construction design runs, what are the reasons why some of structures sustain more loads while other ones collapse affected with lower loads. So I dedicated my post-secondary education to search the answers which allows me to understand how the engineering science works. And I made the right decision by choosing Civil Engineering studies. It was a key which unlocked the right doors to get the answers that I needed. During my Bachelor studies I was interested in design branch and especially in Structural Design. It has admired me because of its complication and oneness. None of the other sphere requires such a wide range of knowledge and none of them is as universal engineering specialization as the Structural Design is. Furthermore, Structural Design studies in TU/e provide the possibility to do research project what is a chance to explore and gain understanding in the structural design of structures and the aspects of the design process. Due to these reasons I would like to take the Architecture, Building and Planning programme because one of its specializations is Structural Design. After taking decision that it is time to continue my education I started exploration of Western Europe universities and I found out that TU/e is the best option to fulfill my needs. TU/e is a great choice because of its objective to grow up creative, initiative and independent thinking experts. Furthermore, this university cooperates with international companies and universities and can offer many MSc programm es in English what demonstrates that TU/e is oriented towards exchanging international knowledge and experience. The other aspect I chose TU/e is its worldwide reputation and ranking among world’s top technical universities. This fact enthuse me and it would be such an honour to study in one of the best Technical universities in the world and get lots of knowledge from authoritative and meritorious professors. Furthermore, TU/e is well known because of its research institutes and that students are taking responsibility of impressive projects. Young engineers have a chance to express their creativity and innovation. I believe that opportunity to  participate in educational life of such an outstanding university is an ambition of all engineers. In conclusion, the facts such as great rankings among the world’s best technical universities, high level professors and leading position in research inspired me to take MSc programme in TU/e. I have no doubts I made the right decision. The master’s studies of chosen programme are the best way to seek the goals of my career. I believe in it due to the circumstance that there are a lot of educated but not enough experienced engineers in Lithuania. So only the best of them are able to compete for the most sought-after and perspective positions. Whereas I am ambitious person I want to become one of the most professional, desirable and promising engineer for engineering companies. So I would like to continue purposeful studies and to advance knowledge of my previous degree what could help me to perform in more professional way. Considering my personal features such as a strong will to learn and activity on taking participation in diverse educational projects I daresay that I will be adorable student for your university and your professors. Furthermore, I believe that I and these master’s studies we are great match due to the feature of my character that I cannot face up with myself when I have unsolved problems and the attribute of these studies to be challenging. This feature of my character shows that I will be persistent and committed student. With a foundation of academic knowledge and experience I gained during the years of my bachelor studies, I believe I am qualified for the Master’s degree of Architecture, Building and Planning, specialization Structural Engineering. I am convinced that TU/e will provide me with knowledge, experience and confidence for the future. I think that this programme matches perfectly with my academic expectations and offers the best way to make my goals come true.

Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities

Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Opportunities Introduction Increasingly forward thinking organizations, such as ALEAP are recognizing the value and impact that women leaders contribute to families, business and communities. Most of the organizations are formalizing programs and strategies to address the unique challenges that women face in the work place as core components of both retention dn acquisition strategies. Several studies have shown that women bring a special brand of leadership for organizations that translate into superior long term sustainability an financial performance (www.siliconindia.com). The current study is about the entrepreneur competencies in Indian women and its purpose to analyze the status of women entrepreneurs in business with reference to India. The study first draws identities, profiles and addresses operational problems faced by women entrepreneurs in business, draws their inclination for future plans for expansion and growth and for the furtherance of research on women entrepreneurs in India. Women owners of small business are known to be better informed about issues relating to starting their own business compared to their male counterparts. Women spend more time conducting market research and have historically spent more time accessing finance because of gender bias within the lending industry. Due to their previous employment history many women have better administrative skills over men which should translate to women having better basic business management knowledge and a higher level of basic business competencies. So This Research would like to conduct a survey on sample of 40 business owners from (ALEAP) Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad and Vijayawada. The present study A Research on competencies of Women Entrepreneurs main Objective is to reveal the exploratory information of women Entrepreneurs their competencies which impacted to become a Entrepreneur, number of issues, when first started their business, while facing competition, in decision-making and their business active operations etc and comparing these competencies between women entrepreneurs of two areas (Hyderabad and Vijayawada). Entrepreneurs have become the key figure of the economies around the globe as they are essential for the development and foundation of companies and process of job creation as the result. Entrepreneur is the innovator who brings and implements changes within markets through carrying out new combinations of several forms. This can be an introduction to a new product or quality, an introduction to new production technique, opening of a new market, and new source of supply of new parts or material or carrying out a new organization of an industry (Schummpter, 1935 cited in Anderson, 2008). The entrepreneur model of Schummpter (1935) has been increasingly investigated as being the instigator of innovation. In fact, other types of entrepreneur can be mentioned, which are influenced by cultural peculiarities. Many researchers, such as Atamer and Torres wondered whether the mentioned model of Schummpter should be applied to all the countries of the world. Although, entrepreneurship is a wor ld phenomenon, it is not possible to describe as homogeneous (Atamer and Torres, 2007 cited in Anderson, 2008). According to Casson, M. (1982), most of the studies on entrepreneur are relying on a stereotype, which is the swashbuckling adventure of business. The analysis of Casson (1982) tended to explain that the self made entrepreneurs were the figures from the past and now it is possible to define an entrepreneur as a person, specialized in decisions about the scarce resource coordination. Entrepreneur Development Entrepreneurship has been considered to be specific for the great individuals, both in academic view and conventional wisdom. Several articles and books have been written to highlight the virtues of entrepreneurship. However, the story of entrepreneur as a great person missed the fundamental mechanism of economic growth and entrepreneurship. In fact, entrepreneurship is not just an economic process; rather it extends beyond the new business formation process. Entrepreneurship, therefore, is a social process which arises from a vast set of cultural and social conditions (Florida, 2002). In United States, the impulse of entrepreneurship has become part of the social ethos. Its creating forces have been building at least for five decades and longer perhaps. However, its rise at social level or at way of life has recently become apparent. Entrepreneurship is the part of a vast social movement, a change that residents of the country want out of social life. There is increase in interest f or becoming entrepreneur. For instance, 60% of the young adults and teenagers want to become entrepreneurs, according to a survey (Florida, 2002). The development of entrepreneurship is not obvious in US only; the need for employment development around the globe has given rise to entrepreneurship in other countries as well. Reduction in youth unemployment is the big challenge that most of the governments have to face in coming decades. According to a recent study by International Labour Office (ILO), youth is more likely to be unemployed than adults. This likelihood is three and half time more than that of adults. Approximately 660 million young people, in 2015, will be looking for work or working. This challenge has various dimensions and therefore requires a specific response. It is needed to look the entrepreneurship with the perspective of youth. Within the framework of basic efforts and strategies of boosting employment for young people, a valuable addition to job creation is the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is an innovative approach for improvement of livelihood and job creation among young people. Although, entrepr eneurship has derived job creation and economic development, there has been a very little effort to look at it with the perspective of young people. Current theory of entrepreneurship that explains venture creation is organized generally around three core constructs: (a) market, (b) money and (c) management. These constructs are refereed as 3Ms. An entrepreneur is required to have market access, money and management if he plans to launch a venture. These constructs are having been described as fundamental building blocks for business viability and they derive from the mainstream economy and management driven entrepreneurship view (Bates et al. cited in Brush, Bruinn, Welter, 2009). These building blocks are basic for the development of any business. Women Entrepreneur Development Businesses owned by women are one of the fastest developing entrepreneurial populations of the world. They are making a significant contribution to employment, innovation and wealth creation in almost all economies (Brush et al., 2006). However, the growth in the importance of women entrepreneurship has not increased the number of studies on the subject. There is a gender gap in academic research, compared to a significant business ownership proportion (Brush, Bruinn, Welter, 2009). Women owners of small business are known to be better informed about issues relating to starting their own business compared to their male counterparts. Women spend more time conducting market research and have historically spent more time accessing finance because of gender bias within the lending industry. Due to their previous employment history many women have better administrative skills over men which should translate to women having better basic business management knowledge and a higher level of basic business competencies. So This Research would like to conduct a survey on sample of 40 business owners from (ALEAP) Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad and Vijayawada. The present study A Research on competencies of Women Entrepreneurs main Objective is to reveal the exploratory information of women Entrepreneurs their competencies which impacted to become a Entrepreneur, number of issues, when first started their business, while facing competition, in decision-making and their business active operations etc and comparing these competencies between women entrepreneurs of two areas (Hyderabad and Vijayawada). Small and Medium Enterprises in India India has a vibrant mall and micro enterprise sector which is playing a very important role to sustain the economic growth, with contribution of at least 39% to the manufacturing output and 39% to the exports in 2004-5. After agriculture, it is the largest employer of human jobs that provides employment to more than 29.5 million people, in the rural and urban areas of India. Their importance in terms of developing new entrepreneurship is recognized well. It is because most of the entrepreneurs are starting their business form a small unit that provides them an opportunity of harnessing their talents and skills, in order to innovate, experiment and transform their ideas into goods and services and nurture it into a greater unit (www.business.gov.in). Over the years, Indian small scale sector has progressed from producing only simple consumer goods to the production of many precise and sophisticated products such as microwave components; electronics control systems and electro medical equipments etc. The economic liberalization and process along with market reforms have exposed further the enterprise for increasing global and domestic level of completion. The challenges generated for them have lead towards a novel approach of cluster development of the sector. Private and public sector institutions, as the result have increasingly undertaken initiatives for cluster development (www.business.gov.in). Clusters are defined as the geographical and sectoral concerns of enterprises, particularly small and medium which face common opportunities and threats that give rise o external economies favor the specialized administrative, technical and financial services, create a conducive development ground of inter-firm cooperation for the promotion of local production, collective learning and innovation. Networking and clustering has helped the small and medium entrepreneurs in boosting the competitiveness of their business. There are over 400 SME clusters and about 2000 artisan clusters in India. According to some estimates, these clusters are contributing 60% of the manufactured exports from India. Almost all the gems and jewelry exports are from Surat and Mumbai clusters. Some of Indian small scale enterprises clusters are so big that they export 90% of Indias total production output of selected products. For instance, the clusters of Agra, Chennai and Kolkata are very famous for leather and products of leather (www.business.gov.in). Background to the study This research intended to provide analysis of the status of women entrepreneurs in Business with reference to India. It first draws the profiles, identifies and addresses operational problems faced by women entrepreneurs in business, draws their inclination for future plans for growth and Expansion and also for the furtherance of research on women entrepreneurs in India. Purpose of the study The Scope of this research will focus on the competencies of these women. The listed competencies were researched by the professors of the IGNOU University, India and were stated as the key competencies to be considered. These competencies are as listed below. And the questionnaire is a standard questionnaire collected from the IGNOU material for MBA students MS-93 Management of New and small Entrepreneurs Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship block Entrepreneurs in the following areas: Initiative Acts on opportunities persistence information seeking concern for High Quality of work commitment to work contract Efficiency Orientation Systematic planning Problem solving Self-confident Assertiveness Persuasion Use of influence strategies Overview of the Dissertation Aims and Objectives of the Study a) To draw the Entrepreneurial Competencies profile of women entrepreneurs at ALEAP located in Hyderabad and Vijayawada. b) To know the level of competencies existing with women entrepreneurs in business. c) To analyze the key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in business. d) To analyze the future plans for expansion and growth of women entrepreneurs in business. e) To compare the level of competencies of women entrepreneurs in ALEAP located at Hyderabad (Urban /Developed Area) and Vijayawada (Rural / Undeveloped Area). Significance of the Study This research is intended to assess multi-dimensional issues and challenges related to women entrepreneurs. Analysis of various variables like age, marital status, education of self, parents and spouse, number of children, self-esteem of women entrepreneurs have been assessed to understand the self concept of women entrepreneurs, the degree of commitment of women entrepreneurs towards their business (entrepreneurial intensity), entrepreneurial challenges in running the business and future plans of women entrepreneurs. Affinity to Research Area The study is chosen majorly because; I would like to start up my own small scale enterprise in India under ALEAP, utilizing my proven abilities developed through my education and experience. And to start a better enterprise with a professional atmosphere, where I can contribute to my maximum ability to uphold the goals as a Lady Entrepreneur and improve my entrepreneurial skills so as to become a successful Small Scale Women Entrepreneur. Literature Review Entrepreneurship Although the entrepreneurship term has been used over 2 hundred years in a business context, there has been a considerable disagreement on its meanings. There have been hundreds of perspectives; the themes which are most prevalent are discussed by Morris, Lewis, Sexton, (1994). The earlier definitions of entrepreneurship that were principally formulated by economists, have been observed for tending to emphasize assumptions of arbitrage, assumption of risk, coordination of factors of production and supply of financial capital. As the entrepreneur was involved clearly in business initiation, the earlier perspectives saw entrepreneurship as companies ongoing function and profit to be a return as the result of facing uncertainty and coordinating resources. Researchers have failed to differentiate the entrepreneurship and management, historically. Rhey failed to distinguish between large and small firms. Such difference had not been established until the 1930s. Even than the there had been tendency to associate it with management and small business start up. As such, an entrepreneur is considered to be a person who assumes psychological, social and financial risks which are crucial for starting and running a small scale business (Hisrich and Peters, 19992 cited in Morris, Lewis, Sexton, 1994). Entrepreneurial competencies are related to managerial competencies, articulated in the works of Boyatzis (1982). The competency approach has become an increasingly popular means of studying entrepreneurial characteristics (For example, Baum, 1994; Bird, 1995; Baron and Markman, 2003; Chandler and Jansen, 1992; Lau, Chan and Man, 1999; Martin and Staines, 1994; McGregor et al, 2000; Schmitt-Rodermund, 2004). According to Bird (1995), competencies are seen as behavioral and observable, and therefore are more closely linked to performance than any other entrepreneurial characteristics such as personality traits, intensions or motivations (Herron and Robinson, 1993; Gartner and Starr, 1993). Moreover, as with attitudes (Robinson at al., 1991), competencies are changeable and so the development of entrepreneurial becomes more feasible. Man, Lau and Chan (2002), identified six major areas of entrepreneurial competencies, are categorized as relating to an SME context, including opportunity , relationship, conceptual, organizing, strategic, and commitment competencies. By making appropriate use of his or her competencies, an entrepreneur can perceive a widened competitive scope such as more opportunities for innovation, business growth, and the provision of new services or products. From available resources, he or she can also develop better organizational capabilities such as the firms innovative capability, cost-saving ability, quality and flexibility. Finally, he or she can plan and work towards a firms long-term performance, along with the available competitive scope and organizational capabilities. Chandler and Jansen (1992) included three distinctive categories of entrepreneurial, managerial, and technical competencies. Baums (1994) measurement of competencies covered a range of instruments measuring traits, skills, experience and knowledge. Man, Lau and Chan (2002) is founded upon a multi-dimensional conceptualization of the competitiveness of SMEs, including the performance dimension, potential dimension and process dimension, developed from earlier studies of competitiveness (Oral, 1986; Feurer and Chaharbaghi, 1994; Buckley, Pass and Prescott, 1998; World Competitiveness Report, 1993). In particular, the influence of the entrepreneur is considered as critical and this is addressed through the competency approach. A detailed coding of 192 competencies in 44 clusters in the six areas of opportunity, relationship, conceptual, organizing, strategic, and commitment competencies as in the original framework, as well as in two new competencies that do not fit into these six prescribed competency areas but seem to play supporting roles to other competencies. They are named as learning competencies and personal strength competencies. Altogether the entrepreneurial competencies are identified by Man, Lau and Chan as 15 they ar e as follows Competitive Scope, Organizational Capability, Opportunity Competencies, Relationship Competencies, Analytical Competencies, Innovative Competencies, Operational Competencies, Human Competencies, Strategic Competencies, Commitment Competencies, Learning Competencies, Personal Strength Competencies, Investment Efficiency, Business Growth and Relative performance. Holmquist (1997) points out that empirical studies of women entrepreneurs and the development of theories about women entrepreneurs is a neglected subject in descriptive perspective research work. Baker et al. (1997) stated that surveys with focus on women entrepreneur still account for only 6-8 percent of international research into entrepreneurship. Brush (1992) concluded from the review of existing research that womens business leadership cannot be understood using traditional (male oriented) framework of business analysis. She writes significant difference have been found in skills, business goals, management styles, business characteristics and growth rates. These variations suggest that women perceive and approach business differently than men. A major expansion of academic interest in women entrepreneurs has occurred since the late 70s, prompted by the perception that businesses owned by women are having an increasing impact on society and the economy. A number of authors in the area of entrepreneurship theory have argued that there is a need to feminize the research on entrepreneurship. (Moore, 1990; Hurley, 1991; Stevenson, 1990; Fischer et al., 1993), since much is still not understood about the ways women contribute to entrepreneurship and the problems they face. The issue is of more than academic interest. As a result of lack of knowledge of womens contribution to entrepreneurship, public policies and programs to assist women to own and run their own businesses are likely to be misdirected (Barret M.A. Mary, 2005). The present research is an attempt to address the dearth in gender studies on entrepreneurship and identify whether there is a difference between men and women entrepreneurs multi-dimensional variables. On one hand it compares the perceptual variable (self-esteem) and intensity of efforts to run business (entrepreneurial intensity) of women and men entrepreneurs and on the other hand it compares the operational problems and future plans of expansion and growth of women and men entrepreneurs in family business. To date there is paucity of research on comparative analysis of women and men entrepreneurs in family business in India. Sources of Small Medium Entrepreneurship Small, micro or medium sized entrepreneurships play a basic role in countries, particularly, European countries. They are the main source of innovation, entrepreneur skill and employment. For example, in enlarged European Union of 25 countries, about 23 million SMEs are providing around 75 million jobs and are representing 99% of all enterprises. However, they have to confront with market imperfection, most of times. SMEs have frequent difficulties to obtain capital and credit, particularly in the earlier phase of their development. Their restricted resources may also access to new innovation and technologies. Therefore, European Commission has priority for job creation, economic growth and social and economic cohesion. Small and medium entrepreneurs (SME0 sector has been recognized as the engine of growth all over the world.SME sector has characteristics of low investment requirements, location wise mobility, operational flexibility and import substitution. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises development (MSMED) Act, 2006 is the first single comprehensive legislation that covers the all three segments. In accordance with the Act, these enterprises can be classified into two categories:- (manufacturing enterprises which are engaged in the production and manufacture of the goods pertaining to an industry which is specified in the first schedule to the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act 1951, they are defined as the investment in machinery and plant; (ii) service enterprise engaged to provide or render the services and are defined in terms of equipment investment (www.business.org.in). Need for Small and Medium Enterprises to access new technology Small and medium enterprises in India with their flexibility, dynamism and innovative drive are focusing increasingly on improved methods of production, strategies of penetrative marketing and capabilities of modern scientific management for sustaining and strengthening their operations. They have been poised for global partnership and have absorbing potential for the latest technologies in the field of diverse industry. Small and medium enterprises in India are more beautiful and efficient and add value to social and economic sphere. As the countries are integrating into the global village, the small and medium sectors will have to respond accordingly. The small and medium enterprise needs special attention as they are playing a crucial role in the socio economic development of the country. The problems being faced by the small and medium enterprises, particularly access to modern technology and maintenance of competitiveness, have been formidable. In order to meet the challenges of modern times, there is need to enable SMEs to access to new technologies to increase their competiveness in international market. There is need to provide them a conducive environment that includes formulation of appropriate programs and policies, build up technological capacity, RD and inter firm linkages and technology database and knowledge flow (Kharbanda, 2001). Proposed Research Methodology The Research design chosen for this research is exploratory and descriptive research designs. After thoroughly considering the problem and the research objectives in this research I would like to select a two stage research design, in stage one exploratory research design, followed by stage two is descriptive research design. There are two types of research, basic and applied. The purpose of basic research is the knowledge for the sake of knowledge. On the other hand, the scholar of knowledge is more concerned about the acquisition of knowledge that satisfy in its respective of the fact that weather is of any practical use or not. The basic purpose of research, in applied research is to put knowledge into practice. A researcher would be interested more, in applied knowledge, in trying to explore some utility from it and to bring improvement is practical human life. Different methods of research are used in research of social sciences as research and problems that are conducted in social sciences are having various natures (isbs.webs.com). The mixed approach of research methodology is used in the current study. Most of researchers use this approach in the field of social sciences. The mixed approach is the combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Here is detailed introduction of both of the research methodologies: Qualitative Research Design Qualitative research is the type of scientific research which seeks answer for a question and uses systematically the predefined set of procedures to answer that question. The evidence is collected in this method and findings are produced that had not been determined in advance. Finally, qualitative research produces findings which are applicable not only for the research in hand, but also beyond its immediate boundaries. In addition to these characteristics, qualitative research seeks to understand the given topic or research problem from the local population perspective that it involves. Qualitative research is particularly effective to obtain specific cultural information about the opinions, values, social context and behaviors of a particular population. The main strength of the qualitative research is the ability of providing complex contextual description about experience of people about that particular research issue. Qualitative research provides information of human side in particular research issues, which are the contradictory beliefs, behaviors, emotions, opinions and relationships among people. Qualitative method of research is also effective to identify the intangible factors, such as socioeconomic status, social norms, and ethnicity, religion and gender roles. The role of these intangible factors may not readily define in the research. Although the findings of qualitative research data can be extended often to people with have similar characteristics as that of study population, to gain a complex and rich complex understanding of a particular phenomenon or context takes precedence on eliciting data which can be generalized to other population or geographical areas. Qualitative research, in this sense is slightly different from general scientific research. There are three common methods of qualitative approach to collect data: in depth interviews, participant observation and focus groups. In-depth interviews are the optimal approach of collecting data on personal histories of individuals, their experiences and perspectives, particularly if sensitive topics needed to be explored. Participant observation approach is appropriate for data collection on behaviors that occur naturally, in their usual context. Focus groups are very effective to elicit data on the groups cultural norms and in generating broad interviews of issues of concern of the cultural groups or represented subgroups. The mentioned above approaches of qualitative data collection collect the data in the form of audio recordings, field notes and transcripts. Quantitative Research Design These experiments sometimes are referred to be a true science as they use traditional statistical and mathematical means for measuring results collectively. Quantitative research design is most commonly used in physical sciences; however education, social science and economics also have been known to use qualitative research design. This approach is opposite to qualitative research design. All quantitative experiments use a standard format, however with some minor interdisciplinary differences of hypothesis generation to be approved or to be disapproved. The hypothesis must be approvable by statistical and mathematical means and must ne based around the whole design of experiment. It is essential in quantitative research design to have a randomized study group and a control group, whenever possible. In addition, a quantitative research design should manipulate one variable at a point of time; otherwise statistical analysis may become open for questioning and cumbersome.TEH quantities research should be conducted in a manner that may allow others to use and repeat the experiment to obtain similar findings. Quantitative research is the excellent way you finalize results and prove or disprove a hypothesis. Quantitative research structure has not faced changes for centuries; therefore it is a standard across various scientific disciplines and fields. A comprehensive answer to the questions is reached after statistical analysis of results. The results can be published and discussed legitimately. It is possible to filter out the external factors in the quantitative research, if properly designed. The results, therefore, can be seen as unbiased and real. There are disadvantages too of using quantitative research design. Quantitative experiments are expensive and difficult sometimes and require a lot of effort and time to perform. There is need to plan quantitative research designs carefully, in order to ensure that there is a correct designing and compete randomization of control group. There is need for an extensive statistical analysis in quantitative studies that is a difficult task as most of the scientists are not statisticians. The statistical study field is a complete scientific discipline that can be very difficult for researchers who are non-mathematicians. In addition t this, the requirements of the successful statistical confirmation of results has been very stringent and very few experiments prove hypothesis comprehensively. There is always some ambiguity that requires refinement and retesting of the design. It means another investment of resources and time should be committed for fine tuning of the results. There is a ve ry little place for uncertainty and grey areas in quantitative research design as it tends to generate results which are proved or unproved. In social sciences, psychology, education and anthropology, human nature is more complex than the simple responses of yes and no (Shuttleworth, 2008). Mixed method Research Design A mixed design for research is a general type research that is including qualitative and quantitative research techniques, data and methods. All of these characteristics are mixed whenever needed in a particular research study. The mixed method design uses the mixed data and additional means, such as text analysis and statistics. Inductive and deductive scientific research methods are used in a mixed approach. It has various forms for data collection and produce pragmatic and eclectic reports. The basic types of mixed approach are mixed method and the mixed model research. In mixed research method, quantitative data is used for one stage of the research study and for the second stage the qualitative data is used. Both, quantitative and qualitative data I used in a mixed model design. This mixing of the two approaches happens at all the stages of research. It is important, in a research, to use the mixed research method to conduct the detailed research. Mixed research has various advantages, such as the research method is very strong, using multiple methods in the research helps in researching a problem or process from its all sides and using the different approaches helps to focus on a single process and helps to confirm the accuracy of data. The mixed research complements the results of one type of research with another type. The mixed approach does not miss any available data.